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Diffstat (limited to 'sos-code-article1')
33 files changed, 2836 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/sos-code-article1/INSTALL b/sos-code-article1/INSTALL new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c7d619 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/INSTALL @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ + + SOS: A Simple Operating System + + Compilation/Installation/Test instructions + + +Compilation +=========== + +IMPORTANT +--------- + +Don't forget to run 'make clean' before 'make' after you have modified +any source or header file(s). + + +On a x86 host where grub is correctly installed +----------------------------------------------- + +Simply run 'make' + + +On a non-x86 host (without grub of course !) +-------------------------------------------- + +See extra/README + + +On an x86 host without Grub, or with a buggy Grub +------------------------------------------------- + +See extra/README + +How do I know I have a buggy grub installation ? Answer: in the qemu +PC emulator, Grub hangs while loading the kernel + + +Installation +============ + +Nothing special to do besides compiling + + +Test the SOS Kernel +=================== + +On a x86 real machine with Grub installed +----------------------------------------- + + 1st method + => Boot the sos.elf file (append 'kernel=<path_to>sos.elf' in the + menu.lst or type it on Grub's command line) from a hard disk, a + floppy, or from the network + + 2nd method + => Copy the file 'fd.img' to a floppy and boot from it + + +On a x86 real machine without Grub installed +-------------------------------------------- + + 1st method + => see extra/README to compile with the grub floppy image we provide, + copy the file 'fd.img' to a floppy, and boot from it + + 2nd method + => see extra/README to compile with the boot sector we provide (up to + article 2 only), copy the file 'extra/sos_bsect.img' to a floppy, + and boot from it + + +Inside a PC emulator (x86 and non-x86 hosts) +-------------------------------------------- + +Tested on both the bochs emulator (x86/linux, sparc/solaris and +ppc/linux hosts, 'apt-get install bochs-x vgabios' on debian +testing/unstable), and the qemu system emulator (with libsdl +installed: 'apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev' on debian +testing/unstable). + + 1/ Grub is installed on the host (x86 hosts only) + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + bochs: boot from the file 'fd.img'. Example of a ~/.bochsrc: + floppya: 1_44=/home/d2/sos/fd.img, status=inserted + romimage: file=/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest, address=0xf0000 + vgaromimage: /usr/share/vgabios/vgabios.bin + megs:63 # 63 Mo de RAM + + qemu: run 'qemu -fda fd.img' + If grub hangs while loading the kernel, please go to method 2/ + + 2/ Grub is not installed (all hosts) + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + See extra/README to generate a floppy image with the Grub floppy + image we provide, and: + + bochs: boot from the file 'fd.img' + + qemu: run 'qemu -fda fd.img' + + 3/ Bonus: boot with the bootsector we provide (all hosts, up to art. 2 ONLY !) + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + See extra/README to generate a floppy image with the boot sector we + provide, and: + + bochs: boot from the file 'extra/sos_bsect.img' + + qemu: run 'qemu -fda extra/sos_qemu.img' + + NOTE: After article 2, this way of booting is not supported: please + use the method 2/ above. + + +-- +David Decotigny diff --git a/sos-code-article1/LICENSE b/sos-code-article1/LICENSE new file mode 100644 index 0000000..60549be --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/LICENSE @@ -0,0 +1,340 @@ + GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE + Version 2, June 1991 + + Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + Preamble + + The licenses for most software are designed to take away your +freedom to share and change it. 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See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA + + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + +If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this +when it starts in an interactive mode: + + Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author + Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. + This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it + under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. + +The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate +parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may +be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be +mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. + +You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your +school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if +necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: + + Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program + `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. + + <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 + Ty Coon, President of Vice + +This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into +proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may +consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the +library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General +Public License instead of this License. diff --git a/sos-code-article1/Makefile b/sos-code-article1/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a0c82b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +CC=i586-elf-gcc +LD=i586-elf-ld +CFLAGS = -Wall -nostdlib -nostdinc -ffreestanding -DKERNEL_SOS +LDFLAGS = --warn-common +OBJECTS = bootstrap/multiboot.o \ + drivers/x86_videomem.o drivers/bochs.o \ + sos/klibc.o sos/main.o + +KERNEL_OBJ = sos.elf +MULTIBOOT_IMAGE = cdrom.iso +PWD := $(shell pwd) + +# Main target +all: $(MULTIBOOT_IMAGE) + +$(MULTIBOOT_IMAGE): $(KERNEL_OBJ) + # ./support/build_image.sh $@ $< + if [ ! -e cdrom/boot/grub/stage2_eltorito ]; then \ + echo "Please copy grub's stage2_eltorito to cdrom/boot/grub."; \ + exit -1; \ + fi + cp $(KERNEL_OBJ) cdrom + echo timeout 0 > cdrom/boot/grub/menu.lst + echo title Simple OS >> cdrom/boot/grub/menu.lst + echo kernel /$(KERNEL_OBJ) >> cdrom/boot/grub/menu.lst + genisoimage -R -b boot/grub/stage2_eltorito -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 \ + -boot-info-table -input-charset ascii -A SOS -o $(MULTIBOOT_IMAGE) cdrom + +$(KERNEL_OBJ): $(OBJECTS) + $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -T ./support/sos.lds -o $@ $^ + -nm -C $@ | cut -d ' ' -f 1,3 > sos.map + +-include .mkvars + +# Create objects from C source code +%.o: %.c + $(CC) -I$(PWD) -c $< $(CFLAGS) -o $@ + +# Create objects from assembler (.S) source code +%.o: %.S + $(CC) -I$(PWD) -c $< $(CFLAGS) -DASM_SOURCE=1 -o $@ + +# Clean directory +clean: + $(RM) *.iso *.img *.o mtoolsrc *~ menu.txt *.img *.elf *.bin *.map + $(RM) *.log *.out bochs* + $(RM) bootstrap/*.o bootstrap/*~ + $(RM) drivers/*.o drivers/*~ + $(RM) hwcore/*.o hwcore/*~ + $(RM) sos/*.o sos/*~ + $(RM) support/*~ + $(RM) extra/*~ diff --git a/sos-code-article1/README b/sos-code-article1/README new file mode 100644 index 0000000..efbbc89 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/README @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ + + SOS: A Simple Operating System + + +This is SOS, a Simple Operating System for i386-family +processors. This is as simple as possible to show a way to program a +basic Operating System on real common hardware (PC). The code should +be easily readable and understandable thanks to frequent comments, and +references to external documentation. We chose to implement the basic +features of an OS, thus making design decisions targetting towards +simplicity of understanding, covering most of the OS classical +concepts, but not aiming at proposing yet another full-fledged +competitive OS (Linux is quite good at it). However, for those who +would like to propose some enhancements, we are open to any code +suggestions (patches only, please). And yes, there might be bugs in +the code, so please send us any bug report, and/or patches ! + +The OS comes as a set of articles (in french) to be published in the +journal "Linux Magazine France". Each month, the part of the code +related to the current article's theme is released (see VERSION file), +and the resulting OS can be successfully compiled and run, by booting +it from a floppy on a real machine (tested AMD k7, Cyrix and Intel P4 +pentiums), or through an x86 emulator (bochs or qemu). The resulting +OS is available as a multiboot compliant ELF kernel (sos.elf) and as a +floppy image (fd.img). It provides a very very very basic demo whose +aim is to understand how everything works, not to animate sprites on +the screen with 5:1 dolby sound. + +The initial technical features and lack-of-features of the OS are: + - monolithic kernel, fully interruptible, non-preemptible (big kernel + lock), target machines = i386 PC or better + - compiles on any host where the gcc/binutils toolchain (target + i586-gnu) is available. Can be tested on real i486/pentium + hardware, or on any host that can run an i486/pentium PC emulator + (bochs or qemu) + - kernel loaded by grub, or by a sample bootsector (up to article 2 + ONLY) + - clear separation of physical memory and virtual memory concepts, + even inside the kernel: no identity-mapping of the physical memory + inside the kernel (allows to move virtual mappings of kernel pages + at run-time, eg to free ISA DMA pages, and to avercome the 4G RAM + barrier) + - slab-type kernel memory allocation + - no swap, no reverse mapping + - VERY simple drivers: keyboard, x86 video memory, IDE disks + - logical devices: partitions, FAT filesystem, "hard-coded" + mountpoints only (~ MSDOS) + - no network stack + - user-level features: ELF loader (no shared libraries), processes, + user threads (kernel-level scheduling only), mmap API, basic VFS + +To understand where to look at for what, here is a brief description: + - Makefile: the (ONLY) makefile of the OS. Targets are basically + 'all' and 'clean' + - bootstrap/ directory: code to load the kernel. Both the stuff + needed for a multiboot-compliant loader (eg grub) AND a bootsector + are provided. The bootsector may only be used up to article 2. + - sos/ directory: the entry routine for the kernel (main.c), various + systemwide header files, a set of common useful C routines + ("nano-klibc"), and kernel subsystems (kernel memory management, + etc...) + - hwcore/ directory: Low-level CPU- and kernel-related routines + (interrupt/exception management, translation tables and segment + registers, ...) + - drivers/ directory: basic kernel drivers for various (non CPU) + devices (keyboard, x86 video memory, bochs 0xe9 port, ...). Used + mainly for debugging + - support/ directory: scripts and configuration files to build the + floppy images + - extra/ directory: a set of configuration files to be customized for + non-x86 host installations (yes, we primarily develop SOS on a ppc, for + the x86 target of course), or for grub-less installations. See + README file in this directory. + +The code is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL version 2 (see +LICENSE file). + +Enjoy ! + + David Decotigny, Thomas Petazzoni, the Kos team + http://sos.enix.org/ + http://david.decotigny.free.fr/ + http://kos.enix.org/~thomas/ + http://kos.enix.org/ + + +-- +David Decotigny + +PS: Made with a Mac. diff --git a/sos-code-article1/VERSION b/sos-code-article1/VERSION new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb070ec --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/VERSION @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +SOS -- Simple OS +Copyright (C) 2003,2004 The SOS Team (David Decotigny & Thomas Petazzoni) + +Version "Article 1" -- Booting + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 + of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + See the LICENSE file included in the distribution. diff --git a/sos-code-article1/bootstrap/multiboot.S b/sos-code-article1/bootstrap/multiboot.S new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a7c65b --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/bootstrap/multiboot.S @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 + of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, + USA. +*/ + + +/* The operating system is booted by Grub, so we almost have nothing + to do to boot it. We only have to conform to the Multiboot + standard, as defined by the Grub documentation */ + +#define ASM 1 +/* The multiboot.h header contains a lot of multiboot standard + definitions */ +#include "multiboot.h" + + /* The multiboot header itself. It must come first. */ +.section ".multiboot" + /* Multiboot header must be aligned on a 4-byte boundary */ + .align 4 +multiboot_header: + /* magic= */ .long MULTIBOOT_HEADER_MAGIC + /* flags= */ .long MULTIBOOT_HEADER_FLAGS + /* checksum= */ .long -(MULTIBOOT_HEADER_MAGIC \ + +MULTIBOOT_HEADER_FLAGS) + /* header_addr= */ .long multiboot_header + /* load_addr= */ .long __b_kernel + /* load_end_addr=*/ .long __e_load + /* bss_end_addr= */ .long __e_kernel + /* entry_addr= */ .long multiboot_entry + +/* Here is the beginning of the code of our operating system */ +.text + +.globl start, _start +start: +_start: +multiboot_entry: + /* Set up a stack */ + movl $(stack + MULTIBOOT_STACK_SIZE), %ebp + movl %ebp, %esp + + /* Set EFLAGS to 0 */ + pushl $0 + /* pop stack into the EFLAGS register */ + popf + + /* Push the magic and the address on the stack, so that they + will be the parameters of the cmain function */ + pushl %ebx + pushl %eax + + /* Call the cmain function (os.c) */ + call EXT_C(sos_main) + + /* Should never get there */ +loop: + hlt + jmp loop + + /* Here is the stack */ +.comm stack, MULTIBOOT_STACK_SIZE diff --git a/sos-code-article1/bootstrap/multiboot.h b/sos-code-article1/bootstrap/multiboot.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bee676d --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/bootstrap/multiboot.h @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +#ifndef __MULTIBOOT_H__ +#define __MULTIBOOT_H__ + +/* multiboot.h - the header for Multiboot */ +/* Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify + it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or + (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ + +/* Macros. */ + +/* The magic number for the Multiboot header. */ +#define MULTIBOOT_HEADER_MAGIC 0x1BADB002 + +/* The flags for the Multiboot header. */ +#define MULTIBOOT_HEADER_FLAGS 0x00010003 + +/* The magic number passed by a Multiboot-compliant boot loader. */ +#define MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC 0x2BADB002 + +/* The size of our stack (16KB). */ +#define MULTIBOOT_STACK_SIZE 0x4000 + +#define MULTIBOOT_CMDLINE 4 +#define MULTIBOOT_MODS 8 + +/* C symbol format. HAVE_ASM_USCORE is defined by configure. */ +#ifdef HAVE_ASM_USCORE +# define EXT_C(sym) _ ## sym +#else +# define EXT_C(sym) sym +#endif + +#ifndef ASM +/* Do not include here in boot.S. */ + + + +/* Types. */ + +/* The Multiboot header. */ +typedef struct multiboot_header +{ + unsigned long magic; + unsigned long flags; + unsigned long checksum; + unsigned long header_addr; + unsigned long load_addr; + unsigned long load_end_addr; + unsigned long bss_end_addr; + unsigned long entry_addr; +} multiboot_header_t; + +/* The symbol table for a.out. */ +typedef struct aout_symbol_table +{ + unsigned long tabsize; + unsigned long strsize; + unsigned long addr; + unsigned long reserved; +} aout_symbol_table_t; + +/* The section header table for ELF. */ +typedef struct elf_section_header_table +{ + unsigned long num; + unsigned long size; + unsigned long addr; + unsigned long shndx; +} elf_section_header_table_t; + +/* The Multiboot information. */ +typedef struct multiboot_info +{ + unsigned long flags; + unsigned long mem_lower; + unsigned long mem_upper; + unsigned long boot_device; + unsigned long cmdline; + unsigned long mods_count; + unsigned long mods_addr; + union + { + aout_symbol_table_t aout_sym; + elf_section_header_table_t elf_sec; + } u; + unsigned long mmap_length; + unsigned long mmap_addr; + unsigned long drives_length; + unsigned long drives_addr; +} multiboot_info_t; + +/* The module structure. */ +typedef struct module +{ + unsigned long mod_start; + unsigned long mod_end; + unsigned long string; + unsigned long reserved; +} module_t; + +/* The memory map. Be careful that the offset 0 is base_addr_low + but no size. */ +typedef struct memory_map +{ + unsigned long size; + unsigned long base_addr_low; + unsigned long base_addr_high; + unsigned long length_low; + unsigned long length_high; + unsigned long type; +} memory_map_t; + +void dump_multiboot_info(multiboot_info_t *mbi); + +#endif /* ! ASM */ + +#endif /* __MULTIBOOT_H__ */ diff --git a/sos-code-article1/cdrom/boot/grub/menu.lst b/sos-code-article1/cdrom/boot/grub/menu.lst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..351100d --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/cdrom/boot/grub/menu.lst @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +timeout 0 +title Simple OS +kernel /sos.elf diff --git a/sos-code-article1/cdrom/boot/grub/stage2_eltorito b/sos-code-article1/cdrom/boot/grub/stage2_eltorito Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d82f08 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/cdrom/boot/grub/stage2_eltorito diff --git a/sos-code-article1/cdrom/sos.elf b/sos-code-article1/cdrom/sos.elf Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 0000000..9dcfd43 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/cdrom/sos.elf diff --git a/sos-code-article1/drivers/bochs.c b/sos-code-article1/drivers/bochs.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db18599 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/drivers/bochs.c @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny + Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 + of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, + USA. +*/ +#include <hwcore/ioports.h> +#include <sos/klibc.h> + +#include "bochs.h" + +/* This is a special hack that is only useful when running the + operating system under the Bochs emulator. */ +#define SOS_BOCHS_IOPORT 0xe9 + +sos_ret_t sos_bochs_setup(void) +{ + return SOS_OK; +} + + +#define sos_bochs_putchar(chr) \ + outb((chr), SOS_BOCHS_IOPORT) + +sos_ret_t sos_bochs_putstring(const char* str) +{ + for ( ; str && (*str != '\0') ; str++) + sos_bochs_putchar(*str); + + return SOS_OK; +} + + +sos_ret_t sos_bochs_puthex(unsigned val, int nbytes) +{ + unsigned c; + +#define BOCHS_PRTHEX(q) \ + ({ unsigned char r; if ((q) >= 10) r='a'+(q)-10; \ + else r='0'+(q); sos_bochs_putchar(r); }) + + switch (nbytes) + { + case 4: + c = (val >> 24) & 0xff; + BOCHS_PRTHEX((c >> 4)&0xf); + BOCHS_PRTHEX(c&0xf); + case 3: + c = (val >> 16) & 0xff; + BOCHS_PRTHEX((c >> 4)&0xf); + BOCHS_PRTHEX(c&0xf); + case 2: + c = (val >> 8) & 0xff; + BOCHS_PRTHEX((c >> 4)&0xf); + BOCHS_PRTHEX(c&0xf); + case 1: + c = val & 0xff; + BOCHS_PRTHEX((c >> 4)&0xf); + BOCHS_PRTHEX(c&0xf); + } + + return SOS_OK; +} + + +sos_ret_t sos_bochs_hexdump(const void* addr, int nbytes) +{ + int offs; + for (offs = 0 ; offs < nbytes ; offs++) + { + const unsigned char *c; + + if ((offs % 16) == 0) + { + sos_bochs_putstring("0x"); + sos_bochs_puthex(offs, 4); + } + + if ((offs % 8) == 0) + sos_bochs_putstring(" "); + + c = (const unsigned char*)(addr + offs); + sos_bochs_puthex(*c, 1); + sos_bochs_putstring(" "); + + if (((offs + 1) % 16) == 0) + sos_bochs_putstring("\n"); + } + + if (offs % 16) + sos_bochs_putstring("\n"); + + return SOS_OK; +} + + +sos_ret_t sos_bochs_printf(const char *format, /* args */...) +{ + char buff[256]; + va_list ap; + + va_start(ap, format); + vsnprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), format, ap); + va_end(ap); + + return sos_bochs_putstring(buff); +} diff --git a/sos-code-article1/drivers/bochs.h b/sos-code-article1/drivers/bochs.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..310b023 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/drivers/bochs.h @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny + Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 + of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, + USA. +*/ +#ifndef _SOS_BOCHS_H_ +#define _SOS_BOCHS_H_ + +/** + * @file bochs.h + * + * If you compiled Bochs with the --enable-e9-hack, then any character + * printed to the 0xE9 I/O port is printed to the xterm that is + * running Bochs. This may appear to be a detail, but in fact, this + * functionnality is *VERY* precious for debugging purposes. This + * """driver""" handles this feature. + */ + +#include <sos/errno.h> +#include <sos/types.h> + +sos_ret_t sos_bochs_setup(void); + +sos_ret_t sos_bochs_putstring(const char* str); + +/** Print the least signficant 32 (nbytes == 4), 24 (nbytes == 3), 16 + (nbytes == 2) or 8 (nbytes == 1) bits of val in hexadecimal. */ +sos_ret_t sos_bochs_puthex(unsigned val, int nbytes); + +/** hexdump-style pretty printing */ +sos_ret_t sos_bochs_hexdump(const void* addr, int nbytes); + +/** + * Print the formatted string. Very restricted version of printf(3): + * 1/ can print max 255 chars, 2/ supports only %d/%i, %c, %s, %x + * without any support for flag charachters (eg %08x). + */ +sos_ret_t sos_bochs_printf(const char *format, /* args */...) + __attribute__ ((format (printf, 1, 2))); + +#endif diff --git a/sos-code-article1/drivers/x86_videomem.c b/sos-code-article1/drivers/x86_videomem.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc4b79c --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/drivers/x86_videomem.c @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny + Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 + of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, + USA. +*/ +#include <sos/klibc.h> +#include <hwcore/ioports.h> + +#include "x86_videomem.h" + +/* The text video memory starts at address 0xB8000. Odd bytes are the + ASCII value of the character, even bytes are attribute for the + preceding character. */ +#define VIDEO 0xb8000 + + +/* Console screen size */ +#define LINES 25 +#define COLUMNS 80 + + +/** The structure of a character element in the video memory. @see + http://webster.cs.ucr.edu/AoA DOS edition chapter 23 */ +typedef struct { + unsigned char character; + unsigned char attribute; +} __attribute__ ((packed)) x86_video_mem[LINES*COLUMNS]; + + + +/** The base pointer for the video memory */ +static volatile x86_video_mem *video = (volatile x86_video_mem*)VIDEO; + +sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_setup(void) +{ + /* + * Hide cursor. @see Ralf Brown's interrupt (and port) list + * http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~ralf/files.html + */ +#define CRT_REG_INDEX 0x3d4 +#define CRT_REG_DATA 0x3d5 + + /* CRT index port => ask for access to register 0xa ("cursor + start") */ + outb(0x0a, CRT_REG_INDEX); + + /* (RBIL Tables 708 & 654) CRT Register 0xa => bit 5 = cursor OFF */ + outb(1 << 5, CRT_REG_DATA); + + return SOS_OK; +} + + +sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_cls(unsigned char attribute) +{ + /* Clears the screen */ + int i; + for(i = 0 ; i < LINES*COLUMNS ; i++) + { + (*video)[i].character = 0; + (*video)[i].attribute = attribute; + } + + return SOS_OK; +} + + +sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_putstring(unsigned char row, unsigned char col, + unsigned char attribute, + const char *str) +{ + unsigned video_offs = row*COLUMNS + col; + + if (video_offs >= LINES*COLUMNS) + return -SOS_EINVAL; + + for ( ; str && *str && (video_offs < LINES*COLUMNS) ; str++, video_offs++) + { + (*video)[video_offs].character = (unsigned char)*str; + (*video)[video_offs].attribute = attribute; + } + + return SOS_OK; +} + + +sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_putchar(unsigned char row, unsigned char col, + unsigned char attribute, + unsigned char c) +{ + unsigned video_offs = row*COLUMNS + col; + + if (video_offs >= LINES*COLUMNS) + return -SOS_EINVAL; + + (*video)[video_offs].character = c; + (*video)[video_offs].attribute = attribute; + + return SOS_OK; +} + + +sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_printf(unsigned char row, unsigned char col, + unsigned char attribute, + const char *format, /* args */...) +{ + char buff[256]; + va_list ap; + + va_start(ap, format); + vsnprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), format, ap); + va_end(ap); + + return sos_x86_videomem_putstring(row, col, attribute, buff); +} diff --git a/sos-code-article1/drivers/x86_videomem.h b/sos-code-article1/drivers/x86_videomem.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..31a9dfc --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/drivers/x86_videomem.h @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny + Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 + of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, + USA. +*/ +#ifndef _SOS_X86_VIDEOMEM_H_ +#define _SOS_X86_VIDEOMEM_H_ + +/** + * @file x86_videomem.h + * + * On x86 PC platforms, the text mode screen memory (and CGA/EGA/VGA + * too) is mapped into physical memory. This file handles access to + * this screen, supposed to be set in text-mode, through this memory + * area. All the functions below print the characters directly to the + * memory, without interpreting the escaped characters (such as \n, + * \r...) + */ + +#include <sos/errno.h> + +/** + * x86 video attributes + * See http://webster.cs.ucr.edu/AoA/DOS/ch23/CH23-1.html + */ +/* Normal and Dark/Light foreground */ +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_BLACK 0 +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_DKGRAY 8 +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_BLUE 1 +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTBLUE 9 +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_GREEN 2 +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTGREEN 10 +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_CYAN 3 +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTCYAN 11 +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_RED 4 +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTRED 12 +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_MAGENTA 5 +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTMAGENTA 13 +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_BROWN 6 +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW 14 +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTGRAY 7 +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_WHITE 15 +/* Background */ +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLACK (0 << 4) +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE (1 << 4) +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_GREEN (2 << 4) +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_CYAN (3 << 4) +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_RED (4 << 4) +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_MAGENTA (5 << 4) +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BROWN (6 << 4) +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_LTGRAY (7 << 4) +/* Blinking */ +#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_BLINKING (1 << 7) + + +/** Setup the video RAM mapping and clear the screen */ +sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_setup(void); + +/** Clears the screen and set the background color as given by + attribute */ +sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_cls(unsigned char attribute); + +/** Print the string on the scren with the given attribute. Does not + handle scrolling */ +sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_putstring(unsigned char row, unsigned char col, + unsigned char attribute, + const char *str); + +/** Print the character on the scren with the given attribute. Does not + handle scrolling */ +sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_putchar(unsigned char row, unsigned char col, + unsigned char attribute, + unsigned char c); + +/** + * Print the formatted string. Very restricted version of printf(3): + * 1/ can print max 255 chars, 2/ supports only %d/%i, %c, %s, %x + * without any support for flag charachters (eg %08x). + */ +sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_printf(unsigned char row, unsigned char col, + unsigned char attribute, + const char *format, /* args */...) + __attribute__ ((format (printf, 4, 5))); + +#endif /* _SOS_X86_VIDEOMEM_H_ */ diff --git a/sos-code-article1/extra/Makefile b/sos-code-article1/extra/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f858aa6 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/extra/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +OBJCOPY=objcopy + +all: sos_qemu.img + +-include ../.mkvars + +# The image is the simple concatenation of the boot sector and the kernel +# It may be use in bochs or on a real floppy, but NOT in qemu (see below) +sos_bsect.img: bsect.bin sos.bin + cat $^ > $@ + @echo "[31mYou can use the $@ image in bochs or on a real floppy (NOT qemu)[m" + +# For qemu, the trick is to tell it we have *more* than 1440 sectors (720kB). +# Rtherwise the qemu disk geometry will be configured to be that of a 720kB +# floppy, while our boot sector assumes it to be 1.44MB +sos_qemu.img: sos_bsect.img + # Padding with 0s after the bsect/kernel image + cat $< /dev/zero | dd of=$@ bs=1k count=1440 + @echo "[31mYou can use the $@ image in qemu, bochs, or on a real floppy[m" + +# we extract the boot sector from the main ELF binary +bsect.bin: sos_bsect.elf + $(OBJCOPY) -v -O binary -j .bootsect $< $@ + +# we extract the kernel code from the main ELF binary +sos.bin: sos_bsect.elf + $(OBJCOPY) -v -O binary -R .bootsect $< $@ + +# The main ELF binary contains the boot sector and the kernel code +# linked together (hence we deal with a SINGLE image that we split +# above) because they share some symbol definitions +sos_bsect.elf: bootsect.o compile_kernel + $(LD) --warn-common -T ./sos_bsect.lds -o $@ \ + bootsect.o $(wildcard ../hwcore/*.o ../drivers/*.o ../sos/*.o) + +compile_kernel: + $(MAKE) -C .. + +clean: + $(RM) *.img *.elf *.bin *~ *.o *.out diff --git a/sos-code-article1/extra/README b/sos-code-article1/extra/README new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0272f1f --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/extra/README @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ + +Contents of the extra/ directory +================================ + +Data and configuration files to support generation of sos on non-x86 +and/or grub-less hosts: + - dot.mkvars: file to copy as .mkvars in the root directory to + compile on a non-x86 host, and to generate the grub floppy image on + a grub-less host + - grub.img.gz: compressed image of a Grub floppy (without any + kernel). Used by dot.mkvars. + - mtoolsrc: file needed by .mkvars to compile a the floppy image + +Support of a sos-specific boot sector: + - Makefile: rules to compile sos_bsect.img, the floppy image with the + boot sector and the Sos + - bootsect.S: x86 Sos boot sector (GNU as). Depends on sos_bsect.lds + - sos_bsect.lds: ld script to bind the boot sector with the remaining + of the kernel + +Misc: + - qemu-port-e9.diff: patch over qemu to support the bochs "port 0xe9 hack" + + +What you can do with these files +================================ + + +*** Compile SOS from another architecture: +------------------------------------------ + - compile a cross-compiler for the i586-gnu target. This involves + compiling the binutils and gcc. Here are example configuration + options for them: + binutils (replace sparc-cun-solaris with your arch): + ../binutils-2.13/configure --prefix=/udd/ddecotig/temp_dd/xgcc/host-sparc-solaris7/stow/binutils-2.11 --host=sparc-sun-solaris2.7 i586-gnu + make && make install + gcc (ditto): + CFLAGS="-O2 -Dinhibit_libc" ../gcc-3.2/configure --target=i586-gnu --prefix=/udd/ddecotig/temp_dd/xgcc/host-sparc-solaris7/stow/gcc-3.2 --with-as=/udd/ddecotig/temp_dd/xgcc/host-sparc-solaris7/bin/as --with-ld=/udd/ddecotig/temp_dd/xgcc/host-sparc-solaris7/bin/ld --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --enable-languages=c --disable-shared --disable-multilib --disable-nls --enable-threads=single + make && make install + - compile the mtools + - copy dot.mkvars to the root directory of SOS, as ".mkvars" + - customize the CC/LD/... variables to suit your cross-compiler + installatioon + - now you may run make from the SOS root directory, it should + generate the Grub boot floppy image. The following warning is + normal: + .mkvars:16: attention : écrasement des commandes pour la cible « grub-sos.img » + Makefile:92: attention : anciennes commandes ignorées pour la cible « grub-sos.img » + + +*** To compile SOS from an x86 where grub is not or incorrectly installed: +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- + - copy dot.mkvars to the root directory of SOS, as ".mkvars" + - customize the CC/LD/... variables to suit your cross-compiler + installatioon + - now you may run make from the SOS root directory, it should + generate the Grub boot floppy image. The following warning is + normal: + .mkvars:16: attention : écrasement des commandes pour la cible « grub-sos.img » + Makefile:92: attention : anciennes commandes ignorées pour la cible « grub-sos.img » + + +*** To compile SOS with its own bootloader: +------------------------------------------- + - for cross-architecture compilation: see above + - cd to this extra/ directory + - run 'make' + - the floppy image is: sos_bsect.img + NOTE : SOS will not boot correctly this way after article 2 ! + + +-- +David Decotigny diff --git a/sos-code-article1/extra/bootsect.S b/sos-code-article1/extra/bootsect.S new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f01ca20 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/extra/bootsect.S @@ -0,0 +1,393 @@ + +/* + * @(#) $Id: bootsect.S,v 1.6 2004/06/18 07:43:51 d2 Exp $ + * Description : Bootsecteur en syntaxe AT&T + * Auteurs : Thomas Petazzoni & Fabrice Gautier & Emmanuel Marty + * Jerome Petazzoni & Bernard Cassagne & coffeeman + * David Decotigny + * Bug reports to kos-misc@enix.org + */ + +/* + * But global de ce bootsecteur : + * + * - Initialiser la becane + * - Charger le kernel + * - Passer en mode protege + * - Executer le kernel + * + * Taille restante : Je vous rappelle qu'un bootsecteur ne peut faire + * qu'au maximum 512 octets dont 2 octets obligatoires 0xAA55. Sur + * les 510 octets reellement utilisables, il reste 3 octets dispo (60 + * si on decide d'enlever le BPB un jour) !!! + * + * thomas_petazzoni : - detection des codes d'erreurs de chargement + * David_Decotigny : - Passage en GNU as + * David_Decotigny : - Chargement du noyau au-dela du 1er Mega (taille + * max = 0x9e000 octets = 632ko), pour avoir le + * meme noyau sous grub et avec le bootsecteur + */ + + /* + * Sequence d'operations : + * - Le BIOS charge le bootsect en 0x7c00 (BOOT_ADRESS). On choisit + * la representation 0x7c0:0000 pour que le .org 0 reste valide + * - Le bootsect se deplace de lui-meme en 0x9f000 (COPY_ADRESS). On + * choisit la representation 0x9f00:0000 pour que le .org 0 reste + * valide + * - Le bootsect verifie que le processeur est du type 386+ + * - Il charge le noyau depuis la disquette en memoire a partir de + * 0x1000 (LOAD_ADRESS). Le noyau peut au max tenir sur + * SECTORS_TO_LOAD secteurs + * - Il passe en pmode flat (apres ouverture a20) + * - Il recopie le noyau (situe en LOAD_ADRESS) vers son adresse + * finale (FINAL_ADDRESS = 2Mo). La recopie se fait sur tout l'espace + * LOAD_ADRESS ---> COPY_ADRESS, c'est a dire sur 0x9e000 octets = + * 632ko. Le noyau peut donc au max faire 632ko. Le nombre max de + * secteurs de disquette qu'on peut charger est donc 1264 + */ + + +/* La taille de la pile */ +#define BOOT_STACK_SIZE 0x4000 + + .file "bootsect.S" + + /* Tout est place dans une seule section */ + .section ".bootsect" + + /* L'essentiel du bootsector (sauf les 1eres instructions) + sont a un offset 0. On fait en sorte que le compilo soit + d'accord la-dessus. Quand on a des adresse realm exotiques + (0x7c00, 0x9f000, ...), on s'arrange toujours pour avoir un + offset de 0 => on choisira le segment adapte (0x7c0, + 0x9f00, ...). Il ne faut pas oublier le ld -Ttext 0 */ + .org 0 + + /* Pour que gas genere du 16bits, afin que ca marche en realm */ + .code16 + +#define SECTORS_TO_LOAD 128 /* 64 ko */ /* MAX=1264 */ + +/* + * Parametres de la disquette. Comme c'est chiant de faire une + * procedure de detection auto, et que ca prend de la place, on fait + * ca "a la main". Par exemple, une DD 720 Ko a 9 secteurs/piste, une + * 1.44 Mo a 18 secteurs/pistes + */ +#define CYLS 80 +#define HEADS 1 +#define SECTS 18 + +#define BOOT_ADRESS 0x07C00 /* Adresse de demarrage (lineaire) */ +#define BOOT_SEG (BOOT_ADRESS>>4) /* Segment de Boot */ +#define BOOT_SIZE 512 /* Taille bu bootsecteur */ +#define COPY_ADRESS 0x9F000 /* La ou on va copier le + bootsecteur (lineaire) */ +#define COPY_SEG (COPY_ADRESS>>4) /* Segment de la ou on va + copier le bootsecteur */ +#define LOAD_ADRESS 0x01000 /* 1er chargement du systeme */ +#define LOAD_SEG (LOAD_ADRESS>>4) /* Segment du 1er chargement du */ +#define MAX_KERN_LEN COPY_ADRESS-LOAD_ADRESS /* Taille noyau maxi */ + +/* IMPORTANT : Cette valeur DOIT etre identique a l'adresse presente + dans sos.lds ! */ +#define FINAL_ADDRESS 0x200000 /* Adresse finale (physique de 0 a 4G) + ou est charge le noyau */ + +#define OP16 .byte 0x66 ; +#define OP32 .byte 0x66 ; + +/* + * Procedure qui vide le buffer clavier. + */ +#define WAITKB \ + 1: ;\ + .word 0xeb ;\ + .word 0xeb ;\ + inb $0x64, %al ;\ + andb $0x2, %al ;\ + jnz 1b + + /* Le point d'entree dans le bootsect */ +.globl _bsect +_bsect: + + /* + * La portion qui suit est situee a un offset 0x7c00 en + * memoire. Attention donc aux references memoire dans cette + * partie. On choisit de rester en offset 0 (.org 0), mais on + * charge correctement les segments a 0x7c0. + */ + + movw $BOOT_SEG, %ax /* le bootsecteur est a 0x7C00 en lineaire */ + movw %ax, %ds /* on le copie a l'adresse COPY_ADRESS */ + xorw %si, %si /* comme cette adresse est la plus haute de la mem */ + xorw %di, %di /* on pourra charger un kernel + gros */ + movw $(BOOT_SIZE>>1), %cx + movw $COPY_SEG, %ax + movw %ax, %es + cld + rep ; movsw + + /* on continue a executer le bootsecteur, mais maintenant a + partir de 0x9F000, qu'on represente sous la forme + 0x9f00:offset */ + ljmp $COPY_SEG, $here + + /* + * A partir de maintenant, on est a un offset 0 en memoire + * (segment 0x9f00), conformement a ce que veut le compilo. + */ +here: + movw %ax, %ds + + /* Petite pile temporaire (1k - 3.84k en RAM ; les adresses 0-1k + correspondent au vecteur d'interruptions). */ + movw %ax, %ss + movw $(LOAD_ADRESS - 0x10), %sp + + /* Efface l'ecran */ + movb $0x0, %ah + movb $0x3, %al + int $0x10 + + /* Affiche les messages d'attente */ + movw $loadkern, %si + call message + movw $check, %si + call message + +check386: + /* + * la attention, plus complexe : on teste si le proc est un + * 386+ pour cela, on va essayer de modifier les bits 12 ? 14 + * du registre E-flag si la modification reste, alors le proc + * est un 386+, sinon, c'est =< 286 + * + * Merci a Emmanuel Marty pour la compatibilite avec les 386 + * "pre-jurassique" + */ + + pushf /* on sauvegarde le E-Flag */ + movb $0x70, %ah + pushw %ax + popf + pushf + popw %ax + orb %ah, %ah + je no386 /* si la modif n'est pas valable, alors on saute a + no386 */ + popf /* on les restaure ? la fin ... */ + + /* Message de confirmation de 386+ et d'attente */ + movw $found386, %si + call message + movw $loading, %si + call message + +/* Copie du noyau disquette => RAM a partir de 0x1000 + L'adresse de destination est définie par es:0, où es vaut + initialement 0x100 (ie correspond alors à l'adresse 256*16, soit 4 + ko). Chaque itération incrémente ce registre es de 32, ce qui + correspond à un bond de 32*16 en mémoire, soit la taille d'un + secteur. De cette façon, puisqu'on joue sur les segments plutôt que + sur les offsets, la taille du noyau n'est pas limitée à 64 ko. Elle + est limitée par contre à la taille de la mémoire disponible sous + les 1Mo, \ie 640 ko (0x9f000 - 0x1000). */ +copyKernel: + /* Chargement du noyau en LOAD_SEG:0 */ + /* 3 iterateurs : + - load_size : le nbre de secteurs a charger + - cl : le secteur ou on en est pour le + cylindre en cours (<= SECTS) + - dh : la tete en cours (0/1) + */ + movb $0, %dl + movw $LOAD_SEG, %ax + movw %ax, %es + + xorw %bx, %bx + xorw %dx, %dx + movw $1, %cx /* premier secteur */ + +.nextsector: /* prochain secteur */ + incb %cl /* en incrementant CL */ + cmpb $SECTS, %cl /* si CL =< SECTS (=nbre de secteurs/pistes) + alors on charge */ + jbe .sector + movb $1, %cl /* sinon on revient au secteur 1 */ + incb %dh /* mais sur l'autre tete */ + cmpb $1, %dh /* on recompare, si DH =< 1 */ + je .sector /* on charge */ + movb $0, %dh /* sinon on repasse a la tete 0 */ + incb %ch /* mais on change de cylindre */ + +.sector: + pushw %es + movw $0x0201, %ax /* service 0x2, chargement 0x1 seecteur */ + int $0x13 /* Go ! */ + jc halt /* erreur */ + popw %ax + addw $32, %ax /* on a charge un secteur, donc on doit + charger 512 bytes plus loin */ + movw %ax, %es /* on avance donc le segment du buffer de + 32bytes, ie 1 secteur en RAM (car 32*16=512) */ + + movw $(0x0E*256+'.'), %ax /* affiche un point */ + int $0x10 + + decw (load_size) /* et on repart pour le prochain secteur + tant qu'on n'a pas fini ! */ + jnz .nextsector + +after: + movw $0x03f2, %dx + inb %dx, %al /* stoppe le moteur */ + andb $0x0f, %al + outb %al, %dx + + cli /* on interdit les interruptions */ + +fincopie: + pushw %cs + popw %ds + + /* on ouvre la porte A20 */ + WAITKB /* on vide le buffer */ + movb $0xd1, %al /* on met a jour le port */ + outb %al, $0x64 + WAITKB + movb $0xdf, %al /* bit 2 = ouverture/fermeture */ + outb %al, $0x60 + + /* + * init gdt + */ +InitGDT: + /* Préparation du flat mode */ + lgdt gdtr + +GoPMode: + /* Passage en mode protégé */ + movl %cr0, %eax + orb $1, %al /* set PE bit to 1 */ + movl %eax, %cr0 + + /* we are not yet in Pmode jump 'in' pmode clearing prefetch + * queue and loading a new selector */ + movw $0x10, %ax + movw %ax, %ds + movw %ax, %es + movw %ax, %fs + movw %ax, %gs + +/* + * Code 32 bits ============================================================ + */ + .code32 + +JumpToHere32: /* Se deplace a l'endroit actuel, en passant en 32bits + et en utilisant la gdt, et vide la prefetch queue */ + .byte 0x66 /* Prefixe 32bits : en realite, jusqu'au jmp, on est + encore en 16 bits */ + ljmp $0x8, $(COPY_ADRESS+(Here32)) +Here32: + /* Et voila : On est en 32 bits vrai */ + +MoveKernelToFinalAddr: /* Deplace le noyau (en LOAD_ADDRESS) vers sa + destination finale (FINAL_ADDRESS) */ + movl $0x10, %eax + movl %eax, %ds /* Seg Src = DSeg */ + movl %eax, %es /* Sed Dest = DSeg */ + cld + movl $LOAD_ADRESS, %esi /* On commence la copie au debut du noyau */ + movl $FINAL_ADDRESS, %edi /* On copie vers cette adresse */ + movl $MAX_KERN_LEN, %ecx /* Taille recopie */ + shrl $2, %ecx + rep + movsl + +LaunchKernel: + /* Met en place une pile au niveau du symbole "stack" */ + movl %eax, %ss + movl $(stack + BOOT_STACK_SIZE), %ebp + movl %ebp, %esp + + /* Saut vers le noyau. La GDT est en place (flat mode), les + * selecteurs aussi, a20 est ouverte, et les interruptions sont + * cli + pas de idt. Le PIC n'est pas programme */ + ljmp $0x8, $sos_main + +/* + * Utilities ============================================================ + */ + .code16 + +message: + lodsb /* charge ds:si dans al et incremente si */ + orb %al, %al /* si al = 0 */ + jz 1f + movb $0x0e, %ah /* service 0Eh (affichage d'un caractere) */ + movw $0x0007, %bx /* Parametres : blanc sur fond noir */ + int $0x10 /* Appel de l'interruption 10h */ + jmp message /* On repart au début ... */ + 1: ret /* si la chaine est finie alors on retourne + dans la fonction appelante */ + +halt: + pushw %cs + popw %es + movw $haltmsg, %si + call message + cli + 1: jmp 1b + ret + +no386: + movw $need386, %si + call message + call halt + + /* + * GDT + */ + +gdt: +gdtr: +NULL_Desc: + .word (EndGDT)-(gdt)-1 /* Taille GDT */ + .long (gdt)+COPY_ADRESS +unused: + .word 0 + +CS_Desc: /* 0x8 */ + .word 0xFFFF, 0 + .byte 0, 0x9B, 0xCF, 0 + +DS_Desc: /* 0x10 */ + .word 0xFFFF, 0 + .byte 0, 0x93, 0xCF, 0 + +EndGDT: + + /* quelques messages */ + +loadkern: .string "-= S O S =- : The Simple Operating System \r\n" +check: .string "Checking for a 386+ processor... " +found386: .string " [OK]\r\n" +need386: .string " [FAILED]\r\n" +diskerror: .string "Disk Error\r\n" +loading: .string "Loading... " +haltmsg: .string "System Halted\r\n" + +/*** Les code/données du boot secteur se terminent ICI. le marqueur de + * fin (aa55) est ajouté automatiquement par le script ld + * sos_bsect.lds ***/ + +/* La pile de 16k qu'on utilise au niveau de LaunchKernel se trouve + declaree avec le noyau, dans sa section ".bss", cad HORS du boot + secteur ! (sinon ca depasserait 512B, forcément). On aurait pu la + définir directement dans le sos_bsect.lds, ou dans un fichier .c + auxiliaire pour plus de clarté */ +.comm stack, BOOT_STACK_SIZE diff --git a/sos-code-article1/extra/dot.mkvars b/sos-code-article1/extra/dot.mkvars new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f7dca5 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/extra/dot.mkvars @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# For cross-compilation and/or installations without grub available, +# copy this file as .mkvars to the root directory of the SOS sources, +# and customize the CC/LD/... variables. You still need the mtools +# installed and running + +CC := i586-gnu-gcc +LD := i586-gnu-ld +OBJCOPY := i586-gnu-objcopy +CFLAGS += -O3 + +# Configuration of mtools +MTOOLSRC = extra/mtoolsrc +export MTOOLSRC + +$(MULTIBOOT_IMAGE): $(KERNEL_OBJ) menu.txt + gzip -dc < extra/grub.img.gz > $@ + mcopy menu.txt v:/boot/grub/ + mmd v:/system + mcopy sos.elf v:/system/sos.elf + +menu.txt: + echo timeout 0 > $@ + echo default 0 >> $@ + echo title SOS >> $@ + echo "root (fd0)" >> $@ + echo kernel /system/sos.elf >> $@ + +runbochs: all + echo c | bochs -q diff --git a/sos-code-article1/extra/grub.img.gz b/sos-code-article1/extra/grub.img.gz Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f98e74 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/extra/grub.img.gz diff --git a/sos-code-article1/extra/mtoolsrc b/sos-code-article1/extra/mtoolsrc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..df1a26e --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/extra/mtoolsrc @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# For older versions of mtools, you may have to remove "filter" +drive v: file="fd.img" 1.44M filter diff --git a/sos-code-article1/extra/qemu-port-e9.diff b/sos-code-article1/extra/qemu-port-e9.diff new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d8be044 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/extra/qemu-port-e9.diff @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +--- Makefile.target 17 Mar 2004 23:46:04 -0000 1.19 ++++ Makefile.target 18 Mar 2004 14:20:29 -0000 +@@ -217,7 +217,8 @@ + # must use static linking to avoid leaving stuff in virtual address space + VL_OBJS=vl.o osdep.o block.o monitor.o \ + ide.o ne2000.o pckbd.o vga.o sb16.o dma.o oss.o \ +- fdc.o mc146818rtc.o serial.o i8259.o i8254.o pc.o ++ fdc.o mc146818rtc.o serial.o i8259.o i8254.o pc.o \ ++ port-e9.o + ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH), ppc) + VL_OBJS+= hw.o + endif +--- hw/pc.c 14 Mar 2004 21:46:48 -0000 1.2 ++++ hw/pc.c 18 Mar 2004 14:20:29 -0000 +@@ -371,6 +371,7 @@ + SB16_init(); + + fdctrl_init(6, 2, 0, 0x3f0, fd_table); ++ port_e9_init(); + + cmos_init(ram_size, boot_device); + } +--- /dev/null 2003-01-30 11:24:37.000000000 +0100 ++++ port-e9.c 2004-03-18 15:18:52.660493187 +0100 +@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ ++/* ++ * QEMU Port 0xe9 hack ++ * ++ * Copyright (c) 2000-2004 E. Marty, the bochs team, D. Decotigny ++ * ++ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy ++ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal ++ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights ++ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell ++ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is ++ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: ++ * ++ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in ++ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software. ++ * ++ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR ++ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, ++ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL ++ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER ++ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, ++ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN ++ * THE SOFTWARE. ++ */ ++#include <stdio.h> ++#include <unistd.h> ++#include <inttypes.h> ++ ++#include "vl.h" ++ ++static void bochs_e9_write(void *opaque, uint32_t address, uint32_t data) ++{ ++ write(fileno(stdout), &data, 1); ++} ++ ++void port_e9_init () ++{ ++ register_ioport_write(0xe9, 1, 1, bochs_e9_write, NULL); ++} +--- vl.h 17 Mar 2004 23:17:16 -0000 1.14 ++++ vl.h 18 Mar 2004 14:29:06 -0000 +@@ -268,4 +268,7 @@ + void term_flush(void); + void term_print_help(void); + ++/* port-e9.c */ ++void port_e9_init(void); ++ + #endif /* VL_H */ diff --git a/sos-code-article1/extra/sos_bsect.lds b/sos-code-article1/extra/sos_bsect.lds new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac42f23 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/extra/sos_bsect.lds @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 2004, David Decotigny + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 + of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, + USA. +*/ + +SECTIONS +{ + /* *********************************************** + * The bootsector is here. We link it against the remaining of the kernel + * in order to automatically figure out its size that must be loaded + * from file to memory (see the load_size definition below) + */ + + /* If we use one, we put the boot sector here. We don't set its + * address to 0x7c000 (aka 0x7c00:0), since it reloads itself to + * 0x9f000, causing the 0x7c000 address to be meaningless too. So we + * chose to pretend that the address is 0x0, and to make a little + * address arithmetic in bootsect.S */ + .bootsect 0x0 : + { + /* The code for the boot sector goes here */ + *(.bootsect); + + /* The load_size symbol contains the size of the area (in + * sectors, aka 512 Bytes) that the boot sector should copy from + * the disk. The bss section is not included since it uses 0 + * bytes on disk */ + load_size = .; + LONG((__e_load - __b_load + 511) >> 9); + /* ---> This is equivalent to ceil( (__e_load - __b_load) / 512 ) */ + + /* At offsets 511 and 512, we set the boot sector signature (AA55h) */ + . = 0x1fe; + SHORT(0xAA55); + } +} + + +/* This is to avoid a cut/paste here. Please notice that a multiboot + * section WILL be inserted, which is NOT mandatory (we could have + * removed it without getting into trouble). Please note however that + * the *.bin files will NOT be multiboot compatible (they are not in ELF + * format): they are expected to be directly booted by the BIOS (or + * by the "chainloader" command of Grub). */ +INCLUDE ../support/sos.lds + +/* We overload the entry set in sos.lds, just to avoid an ld warning */ +ENTRY(sos_main); diff --git a/sos-code-article1/hwcore/ioports.h b/sos-code-article1/hwcore/ioports.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..443acb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/hwcore/ioports.h @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 2004 All GPL'ed OS + Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 + of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, + USA. +*/ +#ifndef _SOS_IOPORTS_H_ +#define _SOS_IOPORTS_H_ + +/** + * @ioports.h + * + * Intel-specific I/O space access routines. + */ + +/* This macro allows to write to an I/O port */ +#define outb(value, port) \ + __asm__ volatile ( \ + "outb %b0,%w1" \ + ::"a" (value),"Nd" (port) \ + ) \ + +// read one byte from port +#define inb(port) \ +({ \ + unsigned char _v; \ + __asm__ volatile ( \ + "inb %w1,%0" \ + :"=a" (_v) \ + :"Nd" (port) \ + ); \ + _v; \ +}) + +#endif /* _SOS_IOPORTS_H_ */ diff --git a/sos-code-article1/sos.elf b/sos-code-article1/sos.elf Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 0000000..9dcfd43 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/sos.elf diff --git a/sos-code-article1/sos.map b/sos-code-article1/sos.map new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ba39c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/sos.map @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +00201000 __b_kernel +00200000 __b_load +00205c00 __e_kernel +00201bfb __e_load +00201011 loop +0020157f memcmp +00201528 memcpy +00201559 memset +00201000 multiboot_entry +00200000 multiboot_header +00201a9f snprintf +0020141d sos_bochs_hexdump +002014e2 sos_bochs_printf +0020123f sos_bochs_puthex +0020121a sos_bochs_putstring +00201210 sos_bochs_setup +00201ad4 sos_main +00201034 sos_x86_videomem_cls +0020117e sos_x86_videomem_printf +00201107 sos_x86_videomem_putchar +00201077 sos_x86_videomem_putstring +00201014 sos_x86_videomem_setup +00201c00 stack +00201000 start +00201000 _start +002016cd strcmp +002015d9 strlen +0020170f strncmp +002015fe strnlen +00201682 strzcat +00201631 strzcpy +00201b80 video +00201770 vsnprintf diff --git a/sos-code-article1/sos/assert.h b/sos-code-article1/sos/assert.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a14ca0b --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/sos/assert.h @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 2004 The KOS Team + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 + of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, + USA. +*/ +#ifndef _SOS_ASSERT_H_ +#define _SOS_ASSERT_H_ + +#include <drivers/bochs.h> +#include <drivers/x86_videomem.h> + +/** + * If the expr is FALSE, print a message and halt the machine + */ +#define SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(expr) \ + ({ \ + int __res=(int)(expr); \ + if (! __res) { \ + asm("cli\n"); /* disable interrupts -- x86 only */ \ + sos_bochs_printf("%s@%s:%d Assertion " # expr " failed\n", \ + __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, __FILE__, __LINE__); \ + sos_x86_videomem_printf(24, 0, 12, \ + "%s@%s:%d Assertion " # expr " failed", \ + __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, __FILE__, __LINE__); \ + for (;;) asm("hlt;") ; /* Infinite loop, ie simple system halt */ \ + } \ + }) + + +#endif /* _SOS_ASSERT_H_ */ diff --git a/sos-code-article1/sos/errno.h b/sos-code-article1/sos/errno.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f13e740 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/sos/errno.h @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 2004 The SOS Team + Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 + of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, + USA. +*/ +#ifndef _SOS_ERRNO_H_ +#define _SOS_ERRNO_H_ + +/** + * @file errno.h + * + * SOS return value codes and errors. + */ + +/* Positive values of the error codes */ +#define SOS_OK 0 /* No error */ +#define SOS_EINVAL 1 /* Invalid argument */ +#define SOS_ENOSUP 2 /* Operation not supported */ +#define SOS_EFATAL 255 /* Internal fatal error */ + +/* A negative value means that an error occured. For + * example -SOS_EINVAL means that the error was "invalid + * argument" */ +typedef int sos_ret_t; + +#endif /* _SOS_ERRNO_H_ */ diff --git a/sos-code-article1/sos/klibc.c b/sos-code-article1/sos/klibc.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..277a15c --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/sos/klibc.c @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny (with INSA Rennes for vsnprintf) + Copyright (C) 2003 The KOS Team + Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 + of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, + USA. +*/ +#include "klibc.h" + +/* For an optimized version, see BSD sources ;) */ +void *memcpy(void *dst0, const void *src0, register unsigned int size) +{ + char *dst; + const char *src; + for (dst = (char*)dst0, src = (const char*)src0 ; + size > 0 ; + dst++, src++, size--) + *dst = *src; + return dst0; +} + +/* ditto */ +void *memset(void *dst0, register int c, register unsigned int length) +{ + char *dst; + for (dst = (char*) dst0 ; + length > 0 ; + dst++, length --) + *dst = (char)c; + return dst0; +} + +int memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, sos_size_t len) +{ + const unsigned char *c1, *c2; + unsigned int i; + + for (i = 0, c1 = s1, c2 = s2; i < len; i++, c1++, c2++) + { + if(*c1 != *c2) + return *c1 - *c2; + } + + return 0; +} + + +unsigned int strlen(register const char *str) +{ + unsigned int retval = 0; + + while (*str++) + retval++; + + return retval; +} + + +unsigned int strnlen(const char * s, sos_size_t count) +{ + const char *sc; + + for (sc = s; count-- && *sc != '\0'; ++sc) + /* nothing */continue; + + return sc - s; +} + + +char *strzcpy(register char *dst, register const char *src, register int len) +{ + int i; + + if (len <= 0) + return dst; + + for (i = 0; i < len; i++) + { + dst[i] = src[i]; + if(src[i] == '\0') + return dst; + } + + dst[len-1] = '\0'; + return dst; +} + + +char *strzcat (char *dest, const char *src, sos_size_t n) +{ + char *res = dest; + + for ( ; *dest ; dest++); + + for ( ; *src ; src++, dest++) { + *dest = *src; + n--; + if (n <= 0) + break; + } + + *dest = '\0'; + return res; +} + +int strcmp(register const char *s1, register const char *s2) +{ + while (*s1 == *s2++) + if (*s1++ == 0) + return (0); + + return (*(const unsigned char *)s1 - *(const unsigned char *)(s2 - 1)); +} + + +int strncmp(register const char *s1, register const char *s2, register int len) +{ + char c1 = '\0', c2 = '\0'; + + while (len > 0) + { + c1 = (unsigned char) *s1++; + c2 = (unsigned char) *s2++; + if (c1 == '\0' || c1 != c2) + return c1 - c2; + len--; + } + + return c1 - c2; +} + + +/* I (d2) borrowed and rewrote this for Nachos/INSA Rennes. Thanks to + them for having kindly allowed me to do so. */ +int vsnprintf(char *buff, sos_size_t len, const char * format, va_list ap) +{ + sos_size_t i, result; + + if (!buff || !format || (len < 0)) + return -1; + +#define PUTCHAR(thechar) \ + do { \ + if (result < len-1) \ + *buff++ = (thechar); \ + result++; \ + } while (0) + + result = 0; + for(i=0 ; format[i] != '\0' ; i++){ + switch (format[i]) + { + case '%': + i++; + switch(format[i]) + { + case '%': + { + PUTCHAR('%'); + break; + } + case 'i':; + case 'd': + { + int integer = va_arg(ap,int); + int cpt2 = 0; + char buff_int[16]; + + if (integer<0) + PUTCHAR('-'); + /* Ne fait pas integer = -integer ici parce que INT_MIN + n'a pas d'equivalent positif (int = [-2^31, 2^31-1]) */ + + do { + int m10 = integer%10; + m10 = (m10 < 0)? -m10:m10; + buff_int[cpt2++]=(char)('0'+ m10); + integer=integer/10; + } while(integer!=0); + + for(cpt2 = cpt2 - 1 ; cpt2 >= 0 ; cpt2--) + PUTCHAR(buff_int[cpt2]); + + break; + } + + case 'c': + { + int value = va_arg(ap,int); + PUTCHAR((char)value); + break; + } + + case 's': + { + char *string = va_arg(ap,char *); + if (! string) + string = "(null)"; + for( ; *string != '\0' ; string++) + PUTCHAR(*string); + break; + } + + case 'x': + { + unsigned int hexa = va_arg(ap,int); + unsigned int nb; + int i, had_nonzero = 0; + for(i=0 ; i < 8 ; i++) + { + nb = (unsigned int)(hexa << (i*4)); + nb = (nb >> 28) & 0xf; + // Skip the leading zeros + if (nb == 0) + { + if (had_nonzero) + PUTCHAR('0'); + } + else + { + had_nonzero = 1; + if (nb < 10) + PUTCHAR('0'+nb); + else + PUTCHAR('a'+(nb-10)); + } + } + if (! had_nonzero) + PUTCHAR('0'); + break; + } + break; + + default: + PUTCHAR('%'); + PUTCHAR(format[i]); + } + break; + + default: + PUTCHAR(format[i]); + } + } + + *buff = '\0'; + return result; +} + + +int snprintf(char * buff, sos_size_t len, const char *format, ...) +{ + va_list ap; + + va_start(ap, format); + len = vsnprintf(buff, len, format, ap); + va_end(ap); + + return len; +} diff --git a/sos-code-article1/sos/klibc.h b/sos-code-article1/sos/klibc.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a8b9d49 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/sos/klibc.h @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 2003 The KOS Team + Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 + of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, + USA. +*/ +#ifndef _SOS_KLIBC_H_ +#define _SOS_KLIBC_H_ + +/** + * @file klibc.h + * + * Basic libc-style support for common useful functions (string.h, + * stdarg.h), some with slight non-standard behavior (see comments). + */ + +#include <sos/types.h> + +/* string.h functions */ + +void *memcpy(void *dst, const void *src, register unsigned int size ) ; +void *memset(void *dst, register int c, register unsigned int length ) ; +int memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, sos_size_t n); + +unsigned int strlen( register const char *str) ; +unsigned int strnlen(const char * s, sos_size_t maxlen); + +/** + * @note Same as strncpy(), with a slightly different semantic. + * Actually, strncpy(3C) says " The result will not be null-terminated + * if the length of 'from' is n or more.". Here, 'dst' is ALWAYS + * null-terminated. And its total len will ALWAYS be <= len, with + * null-terminating-char included. + */ +char *strzcpy( register char *dst, register const char *src, + register int len ) ; + +/** + * @note Same as strncat(), with the same semantic : 'dst' is ALWAYS + * null-terminated. And its total len will ALWAYS be <= len, with + * null-terminating-char included. + */ +char *strzcat (char *dest, const char *src, + const sos_size_t len); + +int strcmp(register const char *s1, register const char *s2 ); +int strncmp(register const char *s1, register const char *s2, + register int len ); + +/* Basic stdarg.h macros. Taken from gcc support files */ +#define __GNUC_VA_LIST +typedef void *__gnuc_va_list; +typedef __gnuc_va_list va_list; +#define __va_rounded_size(TYPE) \ + (((sizeof (TYPE) + sizeof (int) - 1) / sizeof (int)) * sizeof (int)) +#define va_start(AP, LASTARG) \ + (AP = ((__gnuc_va_list) __builtin_next_arg (LASTARG))) +#define va_end(AP) \ + ((void)0) +#define va_arg(AP, TYPE) \ + (AP = (__gnuc_va_list) ((char *) (AP) + __va_rounded_size (TYPE)), \ + *((TYPE *) (void *) ((char *) (AP) - __va_rounded_size (TYPE)))) +#define __va_copy(dest, src) \ + (dest) = (src) + +/* stdarg.h functions. There might be a non-standard behavior: there + will always be a trailing '\0' in the resulting string */ +int vsnprintf(char *, sos_size_t, const char *, va_list); +int snprintf(char *, sos_size_t, const char *, /*args*/ ...) + __attribute__ ((format (printf, 3, 4))); + +#endif /* _SOS_KLIBC_H_ */ diff --git a/sos-code-article1/sos/main.c b/sos-code-article1/sos/main.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a5adb54 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/sos/main.c @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 2004 The SOS Team + Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 + of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, + USA. +*/ + +/* Include definitions of the multiboot standard */ +#include <bootstrap/multiboot.h> +#include <sos/klibc.h> +#include <sos/assert.h> +#include <drivers/x86_videomem.h> +#include <drivers/bochs.h> + + + +/* The C entry point of our operating system */ +void sos_main(unsigned long magic, unsigned long addr) +{ + unsigned i; + + /* Grub sends us a structure, called multiboot_info_t with a lot of + precious informations about the system, see the multiboot + documentation for more information. */ + multiboot_info_t *mbi; + mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) addr; + + /* Setup bochs and console, and clear the console */ + sos_bochs_setup(); + + sos_x86_videomem_setup(); + sos_x86_videomem_cls(SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE); + + /* Greetings from SOS */ + if (magic == MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC) + /* Loaded with Grub */ + sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0, + SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, + "Welcome From GRUB to %s%c RAM is %dMB (upper mem = 0x%x kB)", + "SOS", ',', + (unsigned)(mbi->mem_upper >> 10) + 1, + (unsigned)mbi->mem_upper); + else + /* Not loaded with grub */ + sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0, + SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE, + "Welcome to SOS"); + + sos_bochs_putstring("Message in a bochs\n"); + + + /* An operatig system never ends */ + for (;;) + continue; + + return; +} diff --git a/sos-code-article1/sos/types.h b/sos-code-article1/sos/types.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de54a9c --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/sos/types.h @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 2004 The SOS Team + Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 + of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, + USA. +*/ +#ifndef _SOS_TYPES_H_ +#define _SOS_TYPES_H_ + +/** + * @file types.h + * + * SOS basic types definition + */ + +/** Memory size of an object (positive) */ +typedef unsigned int sos_size_t; + +/** Low-level sizes */ +typedef unsigned long int sos_ui32_t; /* 32b unsigned */ +typedef unsigned short int sos_ui16_t; /* 16b unsigned */ +typedef unsigned char sos_ui8_t; /* 8b unsigned */ + +typedef enum { FALSE=0, TRUE } sos_bool_t; + +/** Not a proper type, but highly useful with basic type + manipulations */ +#define NULL ((void*)0) + +#endif /* _SOS_TYPES_H_ */ diff --git a/sos-code-article1/support/build_image.sh b/sos-code-article1/support/build_image.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000..43929cd --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/support/build_image.sh @@ -0,0 +1,215 @@ +#!/bin/sh +# Copyright (C) 2003, David Decotigny + +# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or +# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License +# as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 +# of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +# GNU General Public License for more details. + +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software +# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, +# USA. + +# 1) What does it do ? +# +# 1) Check where Grub is installed (lookup_grub) +# 2) Assign some local variables using the shell script arguments. +# a) Argument 1 : the destination (either a file or a drive, like a:) +# b) Argument 2 : the loader (i.e kernel) +# c) Argument 3 : options passed to the loader +# d) Argument 4 : the modules (that can be loaded optionally by Grub) +# 3) Test whether destination is a drive or a file +# 4) Create the directory structure inside the drive +# 5) Copy the loader in the drive +# 6) Generate the 'menu.txt' file used by Grub to generate the boot menu +# 7) Copy all modules +# 8) Copy the menu.txt file +# +# 2) Why is it so complex ? +# Because it must support various Grub/mtools installations and versions +# +# In fact, this shell script is used in the KOS (kos.enix.org) +# project. This operating system consists in a loader and many many +# modules that are linked together at boot time. It is much more +# complex that a simple monolithic kernel. +# +# For your simple monolithic kernel, you only need to give argument 1 +# and 2. + +print_usage () { + echo "Usage: $0 [X:|image] path/to/loader option path/to/modules..." + echo " where X: is a valid floppy drive on your computer" + echo " where image is any file name" + exit 1 +} + +grub_dirs_common="/usr/local/share/grub/i386-freebsd /usr/local/share/grub/i386-pc /usr/share/grub/i386-pc /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc /usr/local/grub /usr/share/grub/i386-redhat /usr/local/src/grub-0.5.94 $HOME/share/grub/i386-pc/" +sbin_grub_path="/usr/local/sbin /usr/sbin /sbin $HOME/sbin" + +PATH=$PATH:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin +export PATH + +MTOOLSRC=mtoolsrc +export MTOOLSRC + +# Redefined variables +FLOPPY_DRIVE=A: +IMG_FNAME=fd.img + +## +## Format disk image +## +init_image () { + echo "Initialize disk image $IMG_FILE..." + if [ ! -f $IMG_FNAME ] ; then + dd if=/dev/zero of=$IMG_FNAME bs=18k count=80 1>/dev/null 2>&1 + fi + + rm -f $MTOOLSRC + echo "drive u: file=\"$IMG_FNAME\" 1.44M filter" > $MTOOLSRC + + if mformat U: ; then : ; else + rm -f $MTOOLSRC + echo "drive u: file=\"$IMG_FNAME\" 1.44M" > $MTOOLSRC + if mformat U: ; then : ; else + rm -f $MTOOLSRC + echo "drive u: file=\"$IMG_FNAME\"" > $MTOOLSRC + mformat U: + fi + fi +} + + +## +## Format (real) floppy disk +## +init_floppy () { + echo "Formatting floppy..." + mformat $FLOPPY_DRIVE || exit 1 +} + + +lookup_grub () { + # Look for a correct GRUBDIR + for d in $grub_dirs_common ; do + if [ -d $d ] ; then + GRUBDIR=$d + break + fi + done + + # Try to guess with locate + if [ ! -d "$GRUBDIR" ] ; then + GRUBDIR=`locate stage2 | head -1 | xargs dirname 2>/dev/null` + fi + + # Look for a correct sbin/grub + for d in $sbin_grub_path ; do + if [ -x $d/grub ] ; then + SBIN_GRUB=$d/grub + break + fi + done + + if [ -d "$GRUBDIR" -a -x "$SBIN_GRUB" ] ; then + echo "Found correct grub installation in $GRUBDIR" + echo "Found correct /sbin/grub at $SBIN_GRUB" + else + echo "Couldn't find a correct grub installation." + exit 1 + fi +} + +## +## setup_disk [drive] +## => setup disk directory structure / copy files +## +setup_disk () { + echo "Setup destination disk..." + + mmd $1/boot + mmd $1/boot/grub + + if [ -d $GRUBDIR/stage1 ] ; then + mcopy $GRUBDIR/stage1/stage1 $1/boot/grub/ + mcopy $GRUBDIR/stage2/stage2 $1/boot/grub/ + else + mcopy $GRUBDIR/stage1 $1/boot/grub/ + mcopy $GRUBDIR/stage2 $1/boot/grub/ + fi + mmd $1/system + mmd $1/modules + + $SBIN_GRUB --batch <<EOT 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null || exit 1 +device (fd0) $IMG_FNAME +install (fd0)/boot/grub/stage1 (fd0) (fd0)/boot/grub/stage2 p (fd0)/boot/grub/menu.txt +quit +EOT +} + + + +################################################# +## Real start +## +#[ "$#" -lt 3 ] && print_usage + +lookup_grub + +dest="$1" ; shift +loader_fname="$1" ; shift +options="$1" ; shift +modules="$*" + +# Init destination disk +case x$dest in + x*:) + drive=$dest + IMG_FNAME=$dest + FLOPPY_DRIVE=$dest + init_floppy + ;; + x*) + drive=U: + IMG_FNAME=$dest + init_image + ;; +esac + +# Create directory structure +setup_disk $drive + +# Copy the loader +mcopy -bo $loader_fname $drive/system/`basename $loader_fname` + +# Generate the menu.txt file +rm -f menu.txt +cat <<EOF > menu.txt +timeout 0 +default 0 +title Simple OS +root (fd0) +kernel /system/`basename $loader_fname` $options +EOF + +# Copy the modules +for f in $modules ; do + if [ ! -f $f ] ; then + echo "ERROR: module $f not correctly compiled in." + exit 1 + fi + if ! mcopy -bo $f $drive/modules/`basename $f` ; then + echo "ERROR: module $f could not be transferred to floppy." + exit 1 + fi + echo module /modules/`basename $f` >> menu.txt +done + +# Transfers the menu.txt file to floppy +mcopy -bo menu.txt $drive/boot/grub/ diff --git a/sos-code-article1/support/sos.lds b/sos-code-article1/support/sos.lds new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d87061 --- /dev/null +++ b/sos-code-article1/support/sos.lds @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +/* Copyright (C) 2003, Thomas Petazzoni + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License + as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 + of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, + USA. +*/ + +/* We generate binary in the ELF format */ +OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-i386","elf32-i386","elf32-i386"); + +/* The entry point is _start (defined in boot.S) */ +ENTRY(_start) + +/* The architecture is i386 */ +OUTPUT_ARCH("i386") + +SECTIONS +{ + /* our kernel is loaded at 0x200000 */ + . = 0x200000; + __b_load = .; + + /* the multiboot header MUST come early enough in the output + object file */ + .multiboot : + { + /* The multiboot section (containing the multiboot header) + goes here */ + *(.multiboot); + + /* + * With the following line, we force this section to be + * allocated in the output file as soon as possible, no matter + * when the file containing the multiboot header (multiboot.S) + * is compiled. This is to conform to the multiboot spec, which + * says "The Multiboot header must be contained completely + * within the first 8192 bytes of the OS image, and must be + * longword (32-bit) aligned." + */ + LONG(0); + } + + /* Defines a symbol '__b_kernel to mark the start of the kernel + code/data */ + . = ALIGN(4096); + __b_kernel = .; + + /* Beginning of the text section */ + .text ALIGN(4096) : + { + /* This section includes the code */ + *(.text*) + /* Defines the 'etext' and '_etext' at the end */ + PROVIDE(etext = .); + PROVIDE(_etext = .); + } + + /* Beginning of the data section */ + .data . : + { *(.data*) + PROVIDE(edata = .); + PROVIDE(_edata = .); + } + + /* Beginning of the read-only data section */ + .rodata . : + { *(.rodata*) + PROVIDE(erodata = .); + PROVIDE(_erodata = .); + } + /* We take note of the end of the data to load */ + __e_load = .; + + /* Beginning of the BSS section (global uninitialized data) */ + .bss SIZEOF(.rodata) + ADDR(.rodata) : + { *(.bss) + *(COMMON) + PROVIDE(ebss = .); + PROVIDE(_ebss = .); + } + + /* We take note of the end of the kernel */ + __e_kernel = .; + + /* We don't care of the note, indent, comment, etc.. sections + generated by gcc */ + /DISCARD/ :{ + *(.note*) + *(.indent) + *(.comment) + *(.stab) + *(.stabstr) + } + +} + |