Merge branch 'framework'

Conflicts:
	.gitignore

33 files changed, 598 insertions, 52 deletions

diff --git a/Source/Applications/Demos/GOL.cpp b/Source/Applications/Demos/GOL.cpp
index 675c159..ba9cb1c 100644
--- a/Source/Applications/Demos/GOL.cpp
+++ b/Source/Applications/Demos/GOL.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ int GOL::run() {
 			}
 		}
 		outvt.moveCursor(0, 0);
-		outvt << tmp.toString() << "Press Ctrl+h for help";
+		outvt.write(tmp.toString());	//BYPASS buffering
+		outvt<< "Press Ctrl+h for help" << FLUSH;
 
 		//Compute next generation
 		for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ int GOL::run() {
 					cells[x * h + y] = true;
 				}
 			} else if (kp.character == WChar("p")) {
-				outvt << " [PAUSED] press a key to resume";
+				outvt << " [PAUSED] press a key to resume" << FLUSH;
 				invt.getKeypress();
 			} else if (kp.character == WChar("h")) {
 				outvt << "\n\n** Melon's demo Game Of Life Simulator help :\n";
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ int GOL::run() {
 				outvt << " - ctrl+p : pause\n";
 				outvt << " - ctrl+r : add some random cells\n";
 				outvt << " - ctrl+R : add more cells, still random\n\n";
-				outvt << "Press any key to return to simultaor...";
+				outvt << "Press any key to return to simultaor..." << FLUSH;
 				invt.getKeypress();
 			}
 			kp = invt.getKeypress(false, false);
diff --git a/Source/Applications/PaperWork/Makefile b/Source/Applications/PaperWork/Makefile
index d3203cf..8d079ec 100644
--- a/Source/Applications/PaperWork/Makefile
+++ b/Source/Applications/PaperWork/Makefile
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ CXX = g++
 CXXFLAGS = -nostartfiles -nostdlib -ffreestanding -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -I ../../Library/Common -I ../../Library/Interface -I ../../Library/Userland -D THIS_IS_MELON_USERLAND
 
 LD = ld
-LDFLAGS = -T ../../Library/Link.ld -L ../../Library
+LDFLAGS = -T ../../Library/Link.ld -L ../../Library -Map Map.txt
 
 Objects = PaperWork.o
 OutFile = PaperWork
diff --git a/Source/Applications/PaperWork/PaperWork.cpp b/Source/Applications/PaperWork/PaperWork.cpp
index 4f9cb0e..15497e4 100644
--- a/Source/Applications/PaperWork/PaperWork.cpp
+++ b/Source/Applications/PaperWork/PaperWork.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <App/ShellApp.proto.h>
 
 #define DEFAULT_SHELL "/Applications/Shell/Shell.app"
+#define PAPERWORK_PATH "/System/Applications/PaperWork.app"
 
 class PaperWork : public ShellApp {
 	public:
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ int PaperWork::run() {
 
 	if (act == "init") {
 		while (1) {
-			Process p = Process::run("/System/Applications/PaperWork.app");
+			Process p = Process::run(PAPERWORK_PATH);
 			if (p.valid()) {
 				p.setInVT(invt);
 				p.setOutVT(outvt);
@@ -35,16 +36,16 @@ int PaperWork::run() {
 		outvt << "Logging in to Melon\n";
 		String user, pw;
 		while (1) {
-			outvt << "Username: ";
-			user = invt.readLine();
-			outvt << "Password: ";
+			outvt << "Username: " << FLUSH;
+			user = invt.get();
+			outvt << "Password: " << FLUSH;
 			pw = invt.readLine(false);
 			if (!Process::get().authenticatePW(user, pw)) {
 				outvt << "Authentication failed.\n\n";
 				continue;
 			}
-			outvt << "What shell to run [" << sFlag("shell") << "]? ";
-			String sh = invt.readLine();
+			outvt << "What shell to run [" << sFlag("shell") << "]? "<< FLUSH;
+			String sh = invt.get();
 			if (sh == "") sh = sFlag("shell");
 			Process p = Process::run(sh);
 			if (p.valid()) {
diff --git a/Source/Applications/Shell/Applets/rot13 b/Source/Applications/Shell/Applets/rot13
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0399a6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/Applications/Shell/Applets/rot13
diff --git a/Source/Applications/Shell/Applets/rot13.cpp b/Source/Applications/Shell/Applets/rot13.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5638b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/Applications/Shell/Applets/rot13.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <App/StreamApp.proto.h>
+
+class rot13 : public StreamApp {
+	public:
+	rot13() : StreamApp("rot13", "Cat a file, but ROT13 it") {}
+	int run();
+};
+
+APP(rot13);
+
+int rot13::run() {
+	while (!in->eof()) {
+		String s = in->get();
+		if (in->eof() && s.empty()) break;
+		for (u32int i = 0; i < s.size(); i++) {
+			WChar &c = s[i];
+			if (c >= WChar('A') and c <= WChar('Z')) {
+				c += 13;
+				if (c > WChar('Z')) c -= 26;
+			}
+			if (c >= WChar('a') and c <= WChar('z')) {
+				c += 13;
+				if (c > WChar('z')) c -= 26;
+			}
+		}
+		*out << s << ENDL;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/Source/Applications/Shell/Makefile b/Source/Applications/Shell/Makefile
index d546a15..e972dfb 100644
--- a/Source/Applications/Shell/Makefile
+++ b/Source/Applications/Shell/Makefile
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ Objects = Shell.class.o \
 		  Shell-fs.class.o
 OutFile = Shell
 
-all: $(OutFile)
+Applets = Applets/rot13
+
+all: $(OutFile) $(Applets)
 	echo "* Done with $(OutFile)."
 
 rebuild: mrproper all
@@ -19,6 +21,10 @@ $(OutFile): $(Objects)
 	echo "* Linking $@..."
 	$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $^ -o $@
 
+Applets/%: Applets/%.o
+	echo "* Linking $@..."
+	$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $^ -o $@ -Map $@.map
+
 %.o: %.cpp
 	echo "* Compiling $<..."
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
diff --git a/Source/Applications/Shell/Shell-fs.class.cpp b/Source/Applications/Shell/Shell-fs.class.cpp
index 150b877..30faaf7 100644
--- a/Source/Applications/Shell/Shell-fs.class.cpp
+++ b/Source/Applications/Shell/Shell-fs.class.cpp
@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ void Shell::ls(Vector<String>& args) {
 			if (((p >> i) & 1) == 0) perm[8 - i] = "-";
 		}
 		if (n.type() == NT_FILE) {
-			outvt << " FILE " << perm << " " << n.getName();
+			outvt << " FILE " << perm << " " << n.getName() << FLUSH;
 			outvt.setCsrCol(30);
 			outvt << (s32int)n.getLength() << " bytes.\n";
 		} else if (n.type() == NT_DIRECTORY) {
-			outvt << " DIR  " << perm << " " << n.getName() << "/";
+			outvt << " DIR  " << perm << " " << n.getName() << "/" << FLUSH;
 			outvt.setCsrCol(30);
 			outvt << (s32int)n.getLength() << " items.\n";
 		}
diff --git a/Source/Applications/Shell/Shell.class.cpp b/Source/Applications/Shell/Shell.class.cpp
index 3d406c8..4283b30 100644
--- a/Source/Applications/Shell/Shell.class.cpp
+++ b/Source/Applications/Shell/Shell.class.cpp
@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@ int Shell::run() {
 
 	cwd = FS::cwdNode();
 	while (1) {
-		outvt << "{" << cwd.getName() << "}: ";
-		String s = invt.readLine();
+		outvt << "{" << cwd.getName() << "}: " << FLUSH;
+		String s = invt.get();
+		if (s.contains(EOF)) return 0;
 		if (s.empty()) continue;
 		while (s[0] == WChar(" ") or s[0] == WChar("\t")) {
 			s = s.substr(1, s.size() - 1);
diff --git a/Source/Applications/Shell/main.cpp b/Source/Applications/Shell/main.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 66c4269..0000000
--- a/Source/Applications/Shell/main.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#include "Shell.ns.h"
-
-int main(const Vector<String>& args) {
-	return Shell::run();
-}
diff --git a/Source/Kernel/Core/Sys.ns.cpp b/Source/Kernel/Core/Sys.ns.cpp
index c5af3e8..59da244 100644
--- a/Source/Kernel/Core/Sys.ns.cpp
+++ b/Source/Kernel/Core/Sys.ns.cpp
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ void dumpRegs(registers_t *regs, VirtualTerminal& vt) {
 	vt << "eflags=" << (u32int)regs->eflags << ", useresp=" << (u32int)regs->useresp << ", ss=" << (u32int)regs->ss << "\n";
 }
 
-void stackTrace(u32int ebp, VirtualTerminal& vt, u32int maxframes) {
+void stackTrace(u32int ebp, VirtualTerminal& vt, u32int maxframes, bool isUser) {
 	u32int *stack = (u32int*)ebp;
-	for (u32int i = 0; i < maxframes and (u32int)stack > 0xC0000000 and (u32int)stack < (ebp + 0x10000); i++) {
+	for (u32int i = 0; i < maxframes and (isUser or ((u32int)stack > 0xC0000000)) and (u32int)stack < (ebp + 0x10000); i++) {
 		vt << "Frame: " << (u32int)stack << " n:" << stack[0] << " r:" << stack[1] << "\n";
 		stack = (u32int*)stack[0];
 	}
diff --git a/Source/Kernel/Core/Sys.ns.h b/Source/Kernel/Core/Sys.ns.h
index 26f04e6..f386135 100644
--- a/Source/Kernel/Core/Sys.ns.h
+++ b/Source/Kernel/Core/Sys.ns.h
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace Sys {
 	u8int inb(u16int port);
 	u16int inw(u16int port);
 	void dumpRegs(registers_t *regs, VirtualTerminal& vt);
-	void stackTrace(u32int ebp, VirtualTerminal& vt, u32int maxframes);
+	void stackTrace(u32int ebp, VirtualTerminal& vt, u32int maxframes, bool isUser = false);
 	void panic(char* message, char *file, u32int line);
 	void panic(char* message, registers_t *regs, char *file, u32int line);
 	void panic_assert(char* file, u32int line, char *desc);
diff --git a/Source/Kernel/TaskManager/Thread.class.cpp b/Source/Kernel/TaskManager/Thread.class.cpp
index af501fe..2cd9515 100644
--- a/Source/Kernel/TaskManager/Thread.class.cpp
+++ b/Source/Kernel/TaskManager/Thread.class.cpp
@@ -182,9 +182,11 @@ void Thread::handleException(registers_t *regs, int no) {
 		if (rw) vt << "R/W ";
 		if (us) vt << "User ";
 		if (rsvd) vt << "Rsvd ";
-		vt << "At:" << (u32int)faddr;
+		vt << "At:" << (u32int)faddr << "\n";
 
-		vt << "\nThread finishing.\n";
+		Sys::stackTrace(regs->ebp, vt, 5, true);
+
+		vt << "Thread finishing.\n";
 		Task::currentThreadExits(E_PAGEFAULT);	//Calling this will setup a new stack
 		return;
 	}
diff --git a/Source/Kernel/VFS/FSNode-sc.proto.cpp b/Source/Kernel/VFS/FSNode-sc.proto.cpp
index 717ccef..d86014c 100644
--- a/Source/Kernel/VFS/FSNode-sc.proto.cpp
+++ b/Source/Kernel/VFS/FSNode-sc.proto.cpp
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ bool FSNode::readable(User* user) {
 }
 
 bool FSNode::writable(User* user) {
+	if (!m_fs->isWritable()) return false;
 	if (ISROOT) return true;
 	if (user == 0) user = Usr::user();
 	if (user->getUid() == m_uid)
diff --git a/Source/Kernel/VTManager/FileVT.class.cpp b/Source/Kernel/VTManager/FileVT.class.cpp
index 5469fbd..24a1b63 100644
--- a/Source/Kernel/VTManager/FileVT.class.cpp
+++ b/Source/Kernel/VTManager/FileVT.class.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ keypress_t FileVT::getKeypress(bool show, bool block) {
 		ret.hascmd = true;
 		ret.command = KBDC_ENTER;
 		if (m_file.eof()) {
-			m_buffer = ".";
+			m_buffer = EOF;
 		} else {
 			m_buffer = m_file.readLine();
 		}
diff --git a/Source/Kernel/VTManager/VirtualTerminal-kbd.proto.cpp b/Source/Kernel/VTManager/VirtualTerminal-kbd.proto.cpp
index 5b551eb..e96c327 100644
--- a/Source/Kernel/VTManager/VirtualTerminal-kbd.proto.cpp
+++ b/Source/Kernel/VTManager/VirtualTerminal-kbd.proto.cpp
@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@ String VirtualTerminal::readLine(bool show) {
 			else if (show) put(" ");	//Put a space so that cursor stays at same place
 		} else if (tmp.hascmd && !tmp.haschar && tmp.command == KBDC_TAB) {
 			ret += "\t";
+		} else if (tmp.hascmd && tmp.haschar && tmp.modifiers == STATUS_CTRL && tmp.character == WChar("d")) {
+			ret += EOF;
+			break;
 		} else if (tmp.haschar && !tmp.hascmd) {
 			ret += tmp.character;
 		}
diff --git a/Source/Library/Common/FileStream.class.cpp b/Source/Library/Common/FileStream.class.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..317a023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/Library/Common/FileStream.class.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#include "FileStream.class.h"
+
+//************************************
+//										INPUT FILE STREAM
+//																********************
+
+FileIStream::FileIStream(const String &filename, u8int encoding, FSNode start) : m_start(start) {
+	m_file = new File(filename, FM_READ, start);
+	m_filenames = 0;
+	m_encoding = encoding;
+}
+
+FileIStream::FileIStream(u8int encoding, FSNode start) : m_start(start) {
+	m_file = 0;
+	m_filenames = 0;
+	m_encoding = encoding;
+}
+
+FileIStream::~FileIStream() {
+	if (m_file != 0) {
+		m_file->close();
+		delete m_file;
+	}
+}
+
+void FileIStream::appendFile(const String &filename) {
+	if (m_filenames == 0) {
+		m_filenames = new SimpleList<String>(filename);
+	} else {
+		m_filenames->addAtEnd(filename);
+	}
+}
+
+String FileIStream::read() {
+	while (m_file == 0 or m_file->eof() or !m_file->valid()) {
+		if (m_file != 0) {
+			m_file->close();
+			delete m_file;
+		}
+		m_file = 0;
+		if (m_filenames == 0) {
+			return "";
+		} else {
+			m_file = new File(m_filenames->v(), FM_READ, m_start);
+			m_filenames = m_filenames->delThis();
+		}
+	}
+	ByteArray temp;
+	temp.resize(512);
+	u32int r = m_file->read(temp);
+	temp.resize(r);
+	return temp.toString(m_encoding);
+}
+
+//************************************
+//										OUTPUT FILE STREAM
+//																********************
+
+FileOStream::FileOStream(const String& filename, u8int mode, u8int encoding, FSNode start) {
+	m_file = new File(filename, mode, start);
+	m_encoding = encoding;
+}
+
+FileOStream::~FileOStream() {
+	delete m_file;
+}
+
+void FileOStream::write(const String &s) {
+	ByteArray a(s, m_encoding);
+	m_file->write(a);
+}
diff --git a/Source/Library/Common/FileStream.class.h b/Source/Library/Common/FileStream.class.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99bf0e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/Library/Common/FileStream.class.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#ifndef DEF_FILESTREAM_CLASS_H
+#define DEF_FILESTREAM_CLASS_H
+
+#include <IStream.proto.h>
+#include <OStream.proto.h>
+
+#ifdef THIS_IS_MELON_KERNEL
+#include <VFS/File.class.h>
+#else
+#include <Binding/File.class.h>
+#endif
+
+class FileIStream : public IStream {
+	private:
+	String read();
+
+	SimpleList<String> *m_filenames;
+
+	File *m_file;
+	u8int m_encoding;
+	FSNode m_start;
+	
+	public:
+	FileIStream(const String &filename, u8int encoding = UE_UTF8, FSNode start = FSNode(0));
+	FileIStream(u8int encoding = UE_UTF8, FSNode start = FSNode(0));
+	~FileIStream();
+
+	void appendFile(const String &filename);
+};
+
+class FileOStream : public OStream {
+	private:
+	File *m_file;
+	u8int m_encoding;
+
+	public:
+	FileOStream(const String &filename, u8int mode, u8int encoding = UE_UTF8, FSNode start = FSNode(0));
+	~FileOStream();
+
+	void write(const String &s);
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/Source/Library/Common/IStream.proto.cpp b/Source/Library/Common/IStream.proto.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6176eac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/Library/Common/IStream.proto.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#include "IStream.proto.h"
+
+IStream::IStream() {
+	m_buffer = NULL;
+	m_ptr = 0;
+	m_eof = false;
+}
+
+IStream::IStream(const IStream& other) {
+	m_buffer = NULL;
+	m_ptr = 0;
+}
+
+IStream::~IStream() {
+	delete m_buffer;
+}
+
+bool IStream::populate() {
+	if (m_eof) return false;
+	String s = read();
+	if (s.empty()) {
+		m_eof = true;
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (m_buffer == NULL) {
+		m_buffer = new SimpleList<String>(s);
+	} else {
+		m_buffer->addAtEnd(s);
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+WChar IStream::getChar() {
+	waitLock();
+	if (m_buffer == 0) {
+		if (!populate()) {
+			unlock();
+		   	return WChar("\0");
+		}
+	}
+	WChar ret = m_buffer->v()[m_ptr];
+	m_ptr++;
+	if (m_ptr >= m_buffer->v().size()) {
+		m_buffer = m_buffer->delThis();
+		m_ptr = 0;
+	}
+	unlock();
+	return ret;
+}
+
+String IStream::get(WChar delimiter) {
+	waitLock();
+	//calculate length of string to read
+	if (m_buffer == 0) {
+		unlock();
+		if (!populate()) return "";
+	}
+	int length = 0, ptr = m_ptr;
+	for (SimpleList<String> *iter = m_buffer; iter != 0;) {
+		if (iter->v()[ptr] == delimiter) break;
+		ptr++;
+		length++;
+		if (ptr >= iter->v().size()) {
+			if (iter->next() == 0) populate();
+			iter = iter->next();
+			ptr = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	//get it
+	String ret(WChar(" "), length);
+	for (int i = 0; i <= length; i++) {
+		if (i != length) ret[i] = m_buffer->v()[m_ptr];
+		m_ptr++;
+		if (m_ptr >= m_buffer->v().size()) {
+			m_buffer = m_buffer->delThis();
+			m_ptr = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	unlock();
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/Source/Library/Common/IStream.proto.h b/Source/Library/Common/IStream.proto.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e844726
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/Library/Common/IStream.proto.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#ifndef DEF_ISTREAM_PROTO_h
+#define DEF_ISTREAM_PROTO_h
+
+#include <String.class.h>
+#include <SimpleList.class.h>
+#include <Mutex.class.h>
+
+class IStream : private Mutex {
+	private:
+	SimpleList<String> *m_buffer;
+	int m_ptr;
+	void operator =(IStream& other);
+	bool m_eof;
+
+	bool populate();
+
+	protected:
+	virtual String read() = 0;
+
+	public:
+	IStream();
+	IStream(const IStream& other);
+	virtual ~IStream();
+
+	bool eof() const { return m_eof && (m_buffer == NULL); }
+
+	WChar getChar();
+	String get(WChar delimiter = "\n");
+	String getWord() { return get(" "); }
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/Source/Library/Common/OStream.proto.cpp b/Source/Library/Common/OStream.proto.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0667e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/Library/Common/OStream.proto.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#include <OStream.proto.h>
+
+OStream::OStream() {
+	m_buffer = NULL;
+	m_last = NULL;
+}
+
+OStream::OStream(const OStream& other) {
+	m_buffer = NULL;
+	m_last = NULL;
+}
+
+void OStream::put(const String &s) {
+	if (s.empty()) return;
+	waitLock();
+	if (m_buffer == NULL or m_last == NULL) {
+		m_buffer = m_last = new SimpleList<String>(s);
+	} else {
+		m_last = m_last->addAtEnd(s);
+	}
+	unlock();
+}
+
+void OStream::flush() {
+	if (m_buffer == NULL or m_last == NULL) return;
+
+	waitLock();
+	//Calculate buffer size
+	int size = 0;
+	SimpleList<String>* iter = m_buffer;
+	for (; iter != 0; iter = iter->next()) {
+		size += iter->v().size();
+	}
+	//Get stuff
+	String buff(WChar(" "), size);
+	iter = m_buffer;
+	for (int i = 0, pos = 0; i < size; i++, pos++) {
+		if (pos >= iter->v().size()) {
+			iter = iter->next();
+			pos = 0;
+		}
+		buff[i] = iter->v()[pos];
+	}
+	//Write it
+	write(buff);
+
+	delete m_buffer;
+	m_buffer = NULL;
+	m_last = NULL;
+
+	unlock();
+}
+
+OStream& OStream::operator<< (ostream_modifiers_e m) {
+	if (m == FLUSH) {
+		flush();
+	} else if (m == ENDL) {
+		put("\n");
+		flush();
+	} else if (m == END) {
+		put(EOF);
+		flush();
+	}
+	return *this;
+}
diff --git a/Source/Library/Common/OStream.proto.h b/Source/Library/Common/OStream.proto.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff19e7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/Library/Common/OStream.proto.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifndef DEF_ISTREAM_PROTO_H
+#define DEF_ISTREAM_PROTO_H
+
+#include <String.class.h>
+#include <SimpleList.class.h>
+#include <Mutex.class.h>
+
+enum ostream_modifiers_e {
+	FLUSH,
+	ENDL,
+	END
+};
+
+class OStream : private Mutex {
+	private:
+	SimpleList<String> *m_buffer;
+	SimpleList<String> *m_last;
+	void operator =(OStream& other);
+
+	protected:
+	virtual void write(const String &s) = 0;
+	
+	public:
+	OStream();
+	OStream(const OStream& other);
+	virtual ~OStream() { flush(); }
+
+	void put(const String& s);
+	void flush();
+	
+	//Formatting functions
+	OStream& operator << (const String& s) { put(s); if (s.contains("\n")) flush(); return *this; }
+	OStream& operator << (s64int i) { put(String::number(i)); return *this; }
+	OStream& operator << (s32int i) { put(String::number(i)); return *this; }
+	OStream& operator << (u32int i) { put(String::hex(i)); return *this; }
+	OStream& operator << (ostream_modifiers_e m);
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/Source/Library/Common/SimpleList.class.h b/Source/Library/Common/SimpleList.class.h
index 8fcd834..2bbbace 100644
--- a/Source/Library/Common/SimpleList.class.h
+++ b/Source/Library/Common/SimpleList.class.h
@@ -25,6 +25,19 @@ class SimpleList {
 		return new SimpleList<T>(value, this);
 	}
 
+	SimpleList<T>* addAtEnd(const T& value) {
+		if (this == 0) {
+			return new SimpleList<T>(value);
+		} else {
+			if (m_next == 0) {
+				m_next = new SimpleList<T>(value);
+				return m_next;
+			} else {
+				return m_next->addAtEnd(value);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	SimpleList<T>* next() {
 		return m_next;
 	}
diff --git a/Source/Library/Common/StringStream.class.cpp b/Source/Library/Common/StringStream.class.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4377ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/Library/Common/StringStream.class.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "StringStream.class.h"
+
+StringIStream::StringIStream(const String &e) {
+	m_elements = new SimpleList<String>(e);
+}
+
+StringIStream::StringIStream() {
+	m_elements = 0;
+}
+
+StringIStream::~StringIStream() {
+	if (m_elements != 0) delete m_elements;
+}
+
+String StringIStream::read() {
+	if (m_elements == 0) return "";
+	String ret = m_elements->v();
+	m_elements = m_elements->delThis();
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void StringIStream::append(const String &e) {
+	if (m_elements == 0) {
+		m_elements = new SimpleList<String>(e);
+	} else {
+		m_elements->addAtEnd(e);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/Source/Library/Common/StringStream.class.h b/Source/Library/Common/StringStream.class.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..814b539
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/Library/Common/StringStream.class.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#ifndef DEF_STRINGSTREAM_CLASS_H
+#define DEF_STRINGSTREAM_CLASS_H
+
+#include <IStream.proto.h>
+#include <OStream.proto.h>
+
+class StringIStream : public IStream {
+	private:
+	SimpleList<String> *m_elements;
+
+	String read();
+
+	public:
+	StringIStream(const String &e);
+	StringIStream();
+	~StringIStream();
+
+	void append(const String &e);
+};
+
+class StringOStream : public OStream {
+	private:
+	String m_str;
+
+	void write(const String& s) { m_str += s; }
+
+	public:
+	
+	const String &str() const { return m_str; }
+	void clear() { m_str = ""; }
+};
+
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/Source/Library/Common/WChar.class.h b/Source/Library/Common/WChar.class.h
index afaeb44..6db4b1b 100644
--- a/Source/Library/Common/WChar.class.h
+++ b/Source/Library/Common/WChar.class.h
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include <common.h>
 #endif
 
+#define EOF "\3"
+
 enum {
 	UE_UTF8,
 	UE_UTF16_LE,
diff --git a/Source/Library/Makefile b/Source/Library/Makefile
index b3040d4..c67daf7 100644
--- a/Source/Library/Makefile
+++ b/Source/Library/Makefile
@@ -19,8 +19,13 @@ Objects = Common/WChar.class.uo \
 		  Common/TextFile.class.uo \
 		  Common/ByteArray.class.uo \
 		  Common/Rand.ns.uo \
+		  Common/OStream.proto.uo \
+		  Common/IStream.proto.uo \
+		  Common/FileStream.class.uo \
+		  Common/StringStream.class.uo \
 		  Common/cppsupport.wtf.uo \
 		  Userland/App/ShellApp.proto.uo \
+		  Userland/App/StreamApp.proto.uo \
 		  Userland/Syscall/Syscall.wtf.uo \
 		  Userland/Syscall/RessourceCaller.class.uo \
 		  Userland/Start.uo
diff --git a/Source/Library/Userland/App/ShellApp.proto.cpp b/Source/Library/Userland/App/ShellApp.proto.cpp
index a3d9737..123eb73 100644
--- a/Source/Library/Userland/App/ShellApp.proto.cpp
+++ b/Source/Library/Userland/App/ShellApp.proto.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "ShellApp.proto.h"
 	
-ShellApp::ShellApp(String name, String desc)
+ShellApp::ShellApp(const String &name, const String &desc)
    	: Application(), invt(VirtualTerminal::getIn()), outvt(VirtualTerminal::getOut()) {
 	appName = name, appDesc = desc;
 	if (!invt.valid()) exit(1);
@@ -9,11 +9,17 @@ ShellApp::ShellApp(String name, String desc)
 	addFlag("h", "help", "Show this help screen");
 }
 
+ShellApp::~ShellApp() {
+	outvt << END;
+}
+
 void ShellApp::init() {
 	//Parse flags
 	u32int argc = pr.argc();
-	for (u32int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+	args.clear();
+	for (u32int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		String arg = pr.argv(i);
+		if (arg.empty()) continue;
 		if (arg == "-") {
 			i++;
 			if (i == argc) {
@@ -26,13 +32,13 @@ void ShellApp::init() {
 				bool found = false;
 				for (u32int i = 0; i < flags.size(); i++) {
 					if (flags[i].type == FT_BOOL) {
-						if (arg == String("--no-") + flags[i].lName) {
+						if (arg == (String("--no-") += flags[i].lName)) {
 							flags[i].boolVal = false;
 							found = true;
 						}
 					}
 				}
-				if (!found) outvt << "Unknown option : " << arg << "\n";
+				if (!found) outvt << "Unknown option : " << arg << ENDL;
 			} else if (arg.substr(0, 2) == "--") {
 				bool found = false;
 				for (u32int i = 0; i < flags.size(); i++) {
@@ -49,21 +55,29 @@ void ShellApp::init() {
 						}
 					}
 				}
-				if (!found) outvt << "Unknown option : " << arg << "\n";
+				if (!found) outvt << "Unknown option : " << arg << ENDL;
 			} else {
 				for (u32int j = 1; j < arg.size(); j++) {
 					bool found = false;
 					for (u32int k = 0; k < flags.size(); k++) {
 						if (flags[k].sName == arg[j]) {
 							found = true;
-							if (flags[k].type == FT_BOOL) flags[k].boolVal = true;
-							if (flags[k].type == FT_INT) flags[k].intVal = pr.argv(++i).toInt();
-							if (flags[k].type == FT_STR) flags[k].strVal = pr.argv(++i);
+							if (flags[k].type == FT_BOOL) {
+								flags[k].boolVal = true;
+							} else {
+								i++;
+								if (i >= argc) {
+									outvt << "Missing argument for flag : -" << String(arg[j], 1) << ENDL;
+								} else {
+									flags[k].strVal = pr.argv(i);
+									if (flags[k].type == FT_INT) flags[k].intVal = flags[k].strVal.toInt();
+								}
+							}
 							break;
 						}
 					}
 					if (!found) {
-						outvt << "Unknown option : -" << String(arg[j]) << "\n";
+						outvt << "Unknown option : -" << String(arg[j], 1) << ENDL;
 						exit(-1);
 					}
 				}
@@ -76,7 +90,7 @@ void ShellApp::init() {
 	//Eventually show help screen
 	if (bFlag("help")) {
 		outvt << appName << ": " << appDesc << "\n";
-		outvt << "Usage: \t" << appName << " <flags> [-] <arguments>\n\n";
+		outvt << "Usage: \t" << pr.argv(0) << " <flags> [-] <arguments>\n\n";
 		outvt << "Possible flags :\n";
 		for (u32int i = 0; i < flags.size(); i++) {
 			outvt << "   --" << flags[i].lName << "\t" << (flags[i].sName != 0 ? "-" : "") << String(flags[i].sName) << "\t";
diff --git a/Source/Library/Userland/App/ShellApp.proto.h b/Source/Library/Userland/App/ShellApp.proto.h
index 5575112..bc57cd0 100644
--- a/Source/Library/Userland/App/ShellApp.proto.h
+++ b/Source/Library/Userland/App/ShellApp.proto.h
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ class ShellApp : public Application {
 	Vector<String> args;
 	Vector<flag_t> flags;
 	String appName, appDesc;
-	ShellApp(String name, String desc);
+	ShellApp(const String &name, const String &desc);
+	~ShellApp();
 
 	virtual void init();
 
diff --git a/Source/Library/Userland/App/StreamApp.proto.cpp b/Source/Library/Userland/App/StreamApp.proto.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1dc7dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/Library/Userland/App/StreamApp.proto.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#include "StreamApp.proto.h"
+
+#include <FileStream.class.h>
+
+StreamApp::StreamApp(const String& name, const String& desc)
+	: ShellApp(name, desc) {
+	addFlag("o", "output", "Set the output to a file instead of the text output", FT_STR, "");
+	addFlag("e", "encoding", "Set the encoding for files (input and output)", FT_STR, "utf8");
+	addFlag("a", "append", "When writing to a file, append instead of truncating", FT_BOOL, "");
+}
+
+StreamApp::~StreamApp() {
+}
+
+void StreamApp::init() {
+	ShellApp::init();
+	
+	u8int encoding = UE_UTF8;
+	if (sFlag("encoding") == "utf8") encoding = UE_UTF8;
+	if (sFlag("encoding") == "utf16be") encoding = UE_UTF16_BE;
+	if (sFlag("encoding") == "utf16le") encoding = UE_UTF16_LE;
+	if (sFlag("encoding") == "utf32be") encoding = UE_UTF32_BE;
+	if (sFlag("encoding") == "utf32le") encoding = UE_UTF32_LE;
+
+	if (sFlag("output") == "") {
+		out = &outvt;
+	} else {
+		out = new FileOStream(sFlag("output"), (bFlag("append") ? FM_APPEND : FM_TRUNCATE), encoding, FS::cwdNode());
+	}
+
+	if (args.size() == 0) {
+		in = &invt;
+	} else {
+		FileIStream *f = new FileIStream(encoding, FS::cwdNode());
+		for (u32int i = 0; i < args.size(); i++) {
+			f->appendFile(args[i]);
+		}
+		in = f;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/Source/Library/Userland/App/StreamApp.proto.h b/Source/Library/Userland/App/StreamApp.proto.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..462b1f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/Library/Userland/App/StreamApp.proto.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#ifndef DEF_STREAMAPP_PROTO_H
+#define DEF_STREAMAPP_PROTO_H
+
+#include "ShellApp.proto.h"
+
+#include <IStream.proto.h>
+#include <OStream.proto.h>
+
+/*
+ * This class implements basic utilities for apps that simply take some input, process it and output something.
+ * Examples : cat, grep, ...
+ */
+
+class StreamApp : public ShellApp {
+	protected:
+	
+	IStream *in;
+	OStream *out;
+	
+	public:
+	StreamApp(const String& name, const String& desc);
+	~StreamApp();
+
+	virtual void init();
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/Source/Library/Userland/Binding/Process.class.h b/Source/Library/Userland/Binding/Process.class.h
index 2200f59..e94084b 100644
--- a/Source/Library/Userland/Binding/Process.class.h
+++ b/Source/Library/Userland/Binding/Process.class.h
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ class Process : public RessourceCaller {
 	void pushArg(const String& arg) {
 		doCall(PRIF_PUSHARG, (u32int)&arg);
 	}
-	void setInVT(VirtualTerminal vt) {
+	void setInVT(const VirtualTerminal& vt) {
 		doCall(PRIF_SETINVT, vt.resId());
 	}
-	void setOutVT(VirtualTerminal vt) {
+	void setOutVT(const VirtualTerminal& vt) {
 		doCall(PRIF_SETOUTVT, vt.resId());
 	}
 	bool authenticatePW(String user, String pw) {
diff --git a/Source/Library/Userland/Binding/VirtualTerminal.class.h b/Source/Library/Userland/Binding/VirtualTerminal.class.h
index 70c6b23..2a38abd 100644
--- a/Source/Library/Userland/Binding/VirtualTerminal.class.h
+++ b/Source/Library/Userland/Binding/VirtualTerminal.class.h
@@ -6,10 +6,14 @@
 #include <VirtualTerminal.iface.h>
 #include <Kbd.iface.h>
 
-#include <String.class.h>
+#include <OStream.proto.h>
+#include <IStream.proto.h>
 #include <WChar.class.h>
 
-class VirtualTerminal : public RessourceCaller {
+class VirtualTerminal : public RessourceCaller, public OStream, public IStream {
+	private:
+	bool m_eof;
+
 	public:
 	static VirtualTerminal getIn() {
 		u32int id = RessourceCaller::sCall(VTIF_OBJTYPE, VTIF_SGETPRINVT);
@@ -19,22 +23,33 @@ class VirtualTerminal : public RessourceCaller {
 		u32int id = RessourceCaller::sCall(VTIF_OBJTYPE, VTIF_SGETPROUTVT);
 		return VirtualTerminal(id);
 	}
-	VirtualTerminal(u32int id) : RessourceCaller(id, VTIF_OBJTYPE) {}
+	VirtualTerminal(u32int id) : RessourceCaller(id, VTIF_OBJTYPE) { m_eof = false; }
 
-	void writeHex(u32int number) {
+	/*void writeHex(u32int number) {
 		doCall(VTIF_WRITEHEX, number);
 	}
 	void writeDec(s64int number) {
 		doCall(VTIF_WRITEDEC, (number >> 32), number);
-	}
-	void write(String s) {
+	}*/
+	void write(const String &s) {
 		doCall(VTIF_WRITE, (u32int)&s);
 	}
+	String read() {
+		if (m_eof) return "";
+		String ret = String::unserialize(doCall(VTIF_READLINE, 1));
+		if (ret[ret.size() - 1] == WChar(EOF)) {
+			ret = ret.substr(0, ret.size() - 1);
+			if (ret.empty()) return "";
+			m_eof = true;
+		}
+		return ret += "\n";
+	}
 	keypress_t getKeypress(bool show = true, bool block = true) {
 		keypress_t* ptr = (keypress_t*)doCall(VTIF_GETKEYPRESS, (show ? 1 : 0) | (block ? 2 : 0));
 		return *ptr;
 	}
 	String readLine(bool show = true) {
+		flush();
 		return String::unserialize(doCall(VTIF_READLINE, (show ? 1 : 0)));
 	}
 	void setColor(u8int fg, u8int bg = 0xFF) {
@@ -64,11 +79,6 @@ class VirtualTerminal : public RessourceCaller {
 	void put(u8int line, u8int col, WChar c) {
 		moveCursor(line, col); put(c);
 	}
-	
-	inline VirtualTerminal& operator<<(const String& s) { write(s); return *this; }
-	inline VirtualTerminal& operator<<(s32int i) { writeDec(i); return *this; }
-	inline VirtualTerminal& operator<<(s64int i) { writeDec(i); return *this; }
-	inline VirtualTerminal& operator<<(u32int i) { writeHex(i); return *this; }
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/Source/Library/Userland/Syscall/RessourceCaller.class.h b/Source/Library/Userland/Syscall/RessourceCaller.class.h
index f26216d..39091ed 100644
--- a/Source/Library/Userland/Syscall/RessourceCaller.class.h
+++ b/Source/Library/Userland/Syscall/RessourceCaller.class.h
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ class RessourceCaller {
 
 	public:
 	static u32int sCall(u32int type, u8int wat, u32int a = 0, u32int b = 0, u32int c = 0, u32int d = 0);	
-	u32int resId() { return m_id; }
-	u32int resType() { return m_type; }
+	u32int resId() const { return m_id; }
+	u32int resType() const { return m_type; }
 	bool valid() { return m_type != 0; }
 };