#include <user_region.h>
#include <debug.h>
#include <mutex.h>

#include <syscall.h>

typedef union region_descriptor {
	struct {
		union region_descriptor *next;
	} unused_descriptor;
	struct {
		void* addr;
		size_t size;
		union region_descriptor *next_by_size, *first_bigger;
		union region_descriptor *next_by_addr;
	} free;
	struct {
		region_info_t i;
		union region_descriptor *next_by_addr;
	} used;
} descriptor_t;

#define N_RESERVE_DESCRIPTORS 2		// always keep at least 2 unused descriptors

#define N_BASE_DESCRIPTORS 12		// pre-allocate memory for 12 descriptors
static descriptor_t base_descriptors[N_BASE_DESCRIPTORS];

static descriptor_t *first_unused_descriptor; 
uint32_t n_unused_descriptors;
static descriptor_t *first_free_region_by_addr, *first_free_region_by_size;
static descriptor_t *first_used_region;

STATIC_MUTEX(ra_mutex);	// region allocator mutex

// ========================================================= //
// HELPER FUNCTIONS FOR THE MANIPULATION OF THE REGION LISTS //
// ========================================================= //

static void add_unused_descriptor(descriptor_t *d) {
	n_unused_descriptors++;
	d->unused_descriptor.next = first_unused_descriptor;
	first_unused_descriptor = d;
}

static descriptor_t *get_unused_descriptor() {
	descriptor_t *r = first_unused_descriptor;
	if (r != 0) {
		first_unused_descriptor = r->unused_descriptor.next;
		n_unused_descriptors--;
	}
	return r;
}

static void remove_free_region(descriptor_t *d) {
	if (first_free_region_by_size == d) {
		first_free_region_by_size = d->free.next_by_size;
	} else {
		for (descriptor_t *i = first_free_region_by_size; i != 0; i = i->free.next_by_size) {
			if (i->free.first_bigger == d) {
				i->free.first_bigger = d->free.next_by_size;
			}
			if (i->free.next_by_size == d) {
				i->free.next_by_size = d->free.next_by_size;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	if (first_free_region_by_addr == d) {
		first_free_region_by_addr = d->free.next_by_addr;
	} else {
		for (descriptor_t *i = first_free_region_by_addr; i != 0; i = i->free.next_by_addr) {
			if (i->free.next_by_addr == d) {
				i->free.next_by_addr = d->free.next_by_addr;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
}

static void add_free_region(descriptor_t *d) {
	/*dbg_printf("Add free region 0x%p - 0x%p\n", d->free.addr, d->free.size + d->free.addr);*/
	// Find position of region in address-ordered list
	// Possibly concatenate free region
	descriptor_t *i = first_free_region_by_addr;
	if (i == 0) {
		ASSERT(first_free_region_by_size == 0);
		first_free_region_by_addr = first_free_region_by_size = d;
		d->free.next_by_size = d->free.first_bigger = d->free.next_by_addr = 0;
		return;
	} else if (d->free.addr + d->free.size == i->free.addr) {
		// concatenate d . i
		remove_free_region(i);
		d->free.size += i->free.size;
		add_unused_descriptor(i);
		add_free_region(d);
		return;
	} else if (i->free.addr > d->free.addr) {
		// insert before i
		d->free.next_by_addr = i;
		first_free_region_by_addr = d;
	} else {
		while (i != 0) {
			ASSERT(d->free.addr > i->free.addr);
			if (i->free.addr + i->free.size == d->free.addr) {
				// concatenate i . d
				remove_free_region(i);
				i->free.size += d->free.size;
				add_unused_descriptor(d);
				add_free_region(i);
				return;
			} else if (i->free.next_by_addr == 0 || i->free.next_by_addr->free.addr > d->free.addr) {
				d->free.next_by_addr = i->free.next_by_addr;
				i->free.next_by_addr = d;
				break;
			} else if (d->free.addr + d->free.size == i->free.next_by_addr->free.addr) {
				// concatenate d . i->next_by_addr
				descriptor_t *j = i->free.next_by_addr;
				remove_free_region(j);
				d->free.size += j->free.size;
				add_unused_descriptor(j);
				add_free_region(d);
				return;
			} else {
				// continue
				i = i->free.next_by_addr;
			}
		}
	}
	// Now add it in size-ordered list
	i = first_free_region_by_size;
	ASSERT(i != 0);
	if (d->free.size <= i->free.size) {
		d->free.next_by_size = i;
		d->free.first_bigger = (i->free.size > d->free.size ? i : i->free.first_bigger);
		first_free_region_by_size = d;
	} else {
		while (i != 0) {
			ASSERT(d->free.size > i->free.size);
			if (i->free.next_by_size == 0) {
				d->free.next_by_size = 0;
				d->free.first_bigger = 0;
				i->free.next_by_size = d;
				if (d->free.size > i->free.size) i->free.first_bigger = d;
				break;
			} else if (i->free.next_by_size->free.size >= d->free.size) {
				d->free.next_by_size = i->free.next_by_size;
				d->free.first_bigger =
					(i->free.next_by_size->free.size > d->free.size
						? i->free.next_by_size
						: i->free.next_by_size->free.first_bigger);
				i->free.next_by_size = d;
				if (d->free.size > i->free.size) i->free.first_bigger = d;
				break;
			} else {
				// continue
				i = i->free.next_by_size;
			}
		}
	}
}

static descriptor_t *find_used_region(void* addr) {
	for (descriptor_t *i = first_used_region; i != 0; i = i->used.next_by_addr) {
		if (addr >= i->used.i.addr && addr < i->used.i.addr + i->used.i.size) return i;
		if (i->used.i.addr > addr) break;
	}
	return 0;
}

static void add_used_region(descriptor_t *d) {
	if (first_used_region == 0 || d->used.i.addr < first_used_region->used.i.addr) {
		d->used.next_by_addr = first_used_region;
		first_used_region = d;
	} else {
		descriptor_t *i = first_used_region;
		ASSERT(i->used.i.addr < d->used.i.addr);	// first region by address is never free

		while (i != 0) {
			ASSERT(i->used.i.addr < d->used.i.addr);
			if (i->used.next_by_addr == 0 || i->used.next_by_addr->used.i.addr > d->used.i.addr) {
				d->used.next_by_addr = i->used.next_by_addr;
				i->used.next_by_addr = d;
				return;
			} else {
				i = i->used.next_by_addr;
			}
		}
		ASSERT(false);
	}
}

static void remove_used_region(descriptor_t *d) {
	if (first_used_region == d) {
		first_used_region = d->used.next_by_addr;
	} else {
		for (descriptor_t *i = first_used_region; i != 0; i = i->used.next_by_addr) {
			if (i->used.i.addr > d->used.i.addr) break;
			if (i->used.next_by_addr == d) {
				i->used.next_by_addr = d->used.next_by_addr;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
}

// =============== //
// THE ACTUAL CODE //
// =============== //

void region_allocator_init(void* begin, void* end) {
	n_unused_descriptors = 0;
	first_unused_descriptor = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < N_BASE_DESCRIPTORS; i++) {
		add_unused_descriptor(&base_descriptors[i]);
	}

	descriptor_t *f0 = get_unused_descriptor();
	f0->free.addr = (void*)PAGE_ALIGN_UP(begin);
	f0->free.size = ((void*)PAGE_ALIGN_DOWN(end) - f0->free.addr);
	f0->free.next_by_size = 0;
	f0->free.first_bigger = 0;
	first_free_region_by_size = first_free_region_by_addr = f0;

	first_used_region = 0;
}

static void region_free_inner(void* addr) {
	descriptor_t *d = find_used_region(addr);
	if (d == 0) return;

	region_info_t i = d->used.i;

	remove_used_region(d);
	d->free.addr = i.addr;
	d->free.size = i.size;
	add_free_region(d);
}
void region_free(void* addr) {
	mutex_lock(&ra_mutex);
	region_free_inner(addr);
	mutex_unlock(&ra_mutex);
}

static void* region_alloc_inner(size_t size, char* type, bool use_reserve) {
	size = PAGE_ALIGN_UP(size);

	for (descriptor_t *i = first_free_region_by_size; i != 0; i = i->free.first_bigger) {
		if (i->free.size >= size) {
			// region i is the one we want to allocate in
			descriptor_t *x = 0;
			if (i->free.size > size) {
				if (n_unused_descriptors <= N_RESERVE_DESCRIPTORS && !use_reserve) {
					return 0;
				}

				// this assert basically means that the allocation function
				// is called less than N_RESERVE_DESCRIPTORS times with
				// the use_reserve flag before more descriptors
				// are allocated.
				x = get_unused_descriptor();
				ASSERT(x != 0);

				x->free.size = i->free.size - size;
				if (size >= 0x4000) {
					x->free.addr = i->free.addr + size;
				} else {
					x->free.addr = i->free.addr;
					i->free.addr += x->free.size;
				}
			}
			// do the allocation
			remove_free_region(i);
			if (x != 0) add_free_region(x);

			void* addr = i->free.addr;
			i->used.i.addr = addr;
			i->used.i.size = size;
			i->used.i.type = type;
			add_used_region(i);

			return addr;
		}
	}
	return 0;	//No big enough block found
}

void* region_alloc(size_t size, char* type) {
	void* result = 0;
	mutex_lock(&ra_mutex);

	if (n_unused_descriptors <= N_RESERVE_DESCRIPTORS) {
		void* descriptor_region = region_alloc_inner(PAGE_SIZE, "Region descriptors", true);
		ASSERT(descriptor_region != 0);

		bool map_ok = mmap(descriptor_region, PAGE_SIZE, MM_READ | MM_WRITE);
		if (!map_ok) {
			// this can happen if we weren't able to mmap the region (for whatever reason)
			region_free_inner(descriptor_region);
			goto try_anyway;
		}
		
		for (descriptor_t *d = (descriptor_t*)descriptor_region;
				(void*)(d+1) <= (descriptor_region + PAGE_SIZE);
				d++) {
			add_unused_descriptor(d);
		}
	}
	try_anyway:
	// even if we don't have enough unused descriptors, we might find
	// a free region that has exactly the right size and therefore
	// does not require splitting, so we try the allocation in all cases
	result = region_alloc_inner(size, type, false);

	mutex_unlock(&ra_mutex);
	return result;
}

region_info_t *find_region(void* addr) {
	region_info_t *r = 0;
	mutex_lock(&ra_mutex);

	descriptor_t *d = find_used_region(addr);
	if (d != 0) r = &d->used.i;

	mutex_unlock(&ra_mutex);
	return r;
}

// =========================== //
// DEBUG LOG PRINTING FUNCTION //
// =========================== //

void dbg_print_region_info() {
	mutex_lock(&ra_mutex);

	dbg_printf("/ Free process regions, by address:\n");
	for (descriptor_t *d = first_free_region_by_addr; d != 0; d = d->free.next_by_addr) {
		dbg_printf("| 0x%p - 0x%p\n", d->free.addr, d->free.addr + d->free.size);
		ASSERT(d != d->free.next_by_addr);
	}
	dbg_printf("- Free process regions, by size:\n");
	for (descriptor_t *d = first_free_region_by_size; d != 0; d = d->free.next_by_size) {
		dbg_printf("| 0x%p - 0x%p ", d->free.addr, d->free.addr + d->free.size);
		dbg_printf("(0x%p, next in size: 0x%p)\n", d->free.size,
			(d->free.first_bigger == 0 ? 0 : d->free.first_bigger->free.addr));
		ASSERT(d != d->free.next_by_size);
	}
	dbg_printf("- Used process regions:\n");
	for (descriptor_t *d = first_used_region; d != 0; d = d->used.next_by_addr) {
		dbg_printf("| 0x%p - 0x%p  %s\n", d->used.i.addr, d->used.i.addr + d->used.i.size, d->used.i.type);
		ASSERT(d != d->used.next_by_addr);
	}

	int nfreerd = 0;
	for (descriptor_t *i = first_unused_descriptor; i != 0; i = i->unused_descriptor.next)
		nfreerd++;

	dbg_printf("\\ Free region descriptors: %d (%d)\n", nfreerd, n_unused_descriptors);

	mutex_unlock(&ra_mutex);
}

/* vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 noet :*/