Advance HH, GDT, IDT (details below)

- Implement higher-half in loader with paging (using 4Mb pages)
- Add GDT installation code
- Add IDT installation code (spend a loong time debugging the ISRs!)
- Add CDROM generation scripts
- Add scripts to launch bochs (debug) and qemu (debug)

25 files changed, 630 insertions, 73 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 426ea32..684f1ec 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -4,8 +4,14 @@
 *.o
 *.bin
 
+*.iso
+cdrom/
+
 # codelite files
 .codelite
 */.codelite
 *.project
 *.workspace
+
+# bochs debugger
+bx_enh_dbg.ini
diff --git a/bochs.cfg b/bochs.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..977a459
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bochs.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+display_library: x, options="gui_debug"
+magic_break: enabled=1
+
+megs: 32
+romimage: file="/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest"
+vgaromimage: file="/usr/share/bochs/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest"
+mouse: enabled=0
+clock: sync=realtime
+cpu: ips=10000000
+ata0: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x1f0, ioaddr2=0x3f0, irq=14
+ata0-master: type=cdrom, path="cdrom.iso", status=inserted, biosdetect=auto, model="Generic 1234"
+boot: cdrom
diff --git a/gdb_cmd b/gdb_cmd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b50623b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gdb_cmd
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+target remote localhost:1234
+break l0/sys.cpp:panic_do
diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile
index 04721ba..43b8c7e 100644
--- a/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/Makefile
@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 
 AS = nasm
-ASFLAGS = -felf
+ASFLAGS = -felf -g
 
 CC = i586-elf-gcc
-CFLAGS = -ffreestanding -O2 -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wextra -I . -I ./include
+CFLAGS = -ffreestanding -O2 -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wextra -I . -I ./include -g
 # CXX = i586-elf-g++
 # CXFLAGS = -ffreestanding -O3 -Wall -Wextra -I . -I ./include -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti
 LD = i586-elf-gcc
 LDFLAGS = -T linker.ld -ffreestanding -O2 -nostdlib -lgcc
 
-OBJ = lib/string.o lib/printf.o l0/loader.o l0/kmain.o l0/dbglog.o l0/sys.o
+OBJ = lib/string.o lib/printf.o \
+	l0/loader.o l0/kmain.o l0/dbglog.o l0/sys.o \
+	l0/gdt.o l0/idt.o l0/interrupt.o
 OUT = kernel.bin
 
 all: $(OUT)
diff --git a/kernel/config.h b/kernel/config.h
index 5ea242e..da2956a 100644
--- a/kernel/config.h
+++ b/kernel/config.h
@@ -25,3 +25,4 @@ extern char k_highhalf_addr;	// defined in linker script : 0xC0000000
 #define DBGLOG_TO_SCREEN
 
 
+/* vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 noet :*/
diff --git a/kernel/include/dbglog.h b/kernel/include/dbglog.h
index c8904c6..2f670e8 100644
--- a/kernel/include/dbglog.h
+++ b/kernel/include/dbglog.h
@@ -5,3 +5,5 @@
 void dbglog_setup();
 void dbg_print(const char* str);
 void dbg_printf(const char* format, ...);
+
+/* vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 noet :*/
diff --git a/kernel/include/gdt.h b/kernel/include/gdt.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd66676
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/include/gdt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/*	The GDT is one of the x86's descriptor tables. It is used for memory segmentation.
+	Here, we don't use segmentation to separate processes from one another (this is done with paging).
+	We only use segmentation to make the difference between kernel mode (ring 3) and user mode (ring 0) */
+
+/* 	One entry of the table */
+struct gdt_entry {
+	uint16_t limit_low;
+	uint16_t base_low;
+	uint8_t base_middle;
+	uint8_t access;
+	uint8_t granularity;
+	uint8_t base_high;
+} __attribute__((packed));
+typedef struct gdt_entry gdt_entry_t;
+
+/*	Structure defining the whole table : address and size (in bytes). */
+struct gdt_ptr {
+	uint16_t limit;
+	uint32_t base;
+} __attribute__((packed));
+typedef struct gdt_ptr gdt_ptr_t;
+
+/*	The TSS is used for hardware multitasking.
+	We don't use that, but we still need a TSS so that user mode process exceptions
+	can be handled correctly by the kernel.	*/
+struct tss_entry {
+	uint32_t prev_tss;   // The previous TSS - if we used hardware task switching this would form a linked list.
+	uint32_t esp0;       // The stack pointer to load when we change to kernel mode.
+	uint32_t ss0;        // The stack segment to load when we change to kernel mode.
+	uint32_t esp1;       // Unused...
+	uint32_t ss1;
+	uint32_t esp2;
+	uint32_t ss2;
+	uint32_t cr3;
+	uint32_t eip;
+	uint32_t eflags;
+	uint32_t eax;
+	uint32_t ecx;
+	uint32_t edx;
+	uint32_t ebx;
+	uint32_t esp;
+	uint32_t ebp;
+	uint32_t esi;
+	uint32_t edi;
+	uint32_t es;         // The value to load into ES when we change to kernel mode.
+	uint32_t cs;         // The value to load into CS when we change to kernel mode.
+	uint32_t ss;         // The value to load into SS when we change to kernel mode.
+	uint32_t ds;         // The value to load into DS when we change to kernel mode.
+	uint32_t fs;         // The value to load into FS when we change to kernel mode.
+	uint32_t gs;         // The value to load into GS when we change to kernel mode.
+	uint32_t ldt;        // Unused...
+	uint16_t trap;
+	uint16_t iomap_base;
+} __attribute__((packed));
+typedef struct tss_entry tss_entry_t;
+
+void gdt_init();
+
+/* vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 noet :*/
diff --git a/kernel/include/idt.h b/kernel/include/idt.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5730f5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/include/idt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#pragma once
+
+/*	The IDT is the system descriptor table that tells the CPU what to do when an interrupt fires.
+	There are three categories of interrupts :
+	- Exceptions ; eg page fault, divide by 0
+	- IRQ : interrupts caused by hardware
+	- System calls : when an applications asks the system to do something */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+struct idt_entry {
+	uint16_t base_lo;		//Low part of address to jump to
+	uint16_t sel;			//Kernel segment selector
+	uint8_t always0;
+	uint8_t flags;			//Flags
+	uint16_t base_hi;		//High part of address to jump to
+} __attribute__((packed));
+typedef struct idt_entry idt_entry_t;
+
+struct idt_ptr {
+	uint16_t limit;
+	uint32_t base;
+} __attribute__((packed));
+typedef struct idt_ptr idt_ptr_t;
+
+struct registers {
+	uint32_t ds;                  // Data segment selector
+	uint32_t edi, esi, ebp, useless_esp, ebx, edx, ecx, eax; // Pushed by pusha.
+	uint32_t int_no, err_code;    // Interrupt number and error code (if applicable)
+	uint32_t eip, cs, eflags, esp, ss; // Pushed by the processor automatically.
+};
+typedef struct registers registers_t;
+
+typedef void (*isr_handler_t)(registers_t*);
+
+void idt_init();
+//void idt_handleIrq(int number, isr_handler_t func);	//Set IRQ handler
+
+
+/* vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 noet :*/
diff --git a/kernel/include/multiboot.h b/kernel/include/multiboot.h
index 8fd9dee..581337a 100644
--- a/kernel/include/multiboot.h
+++ b/kernel/include/multiboot.h
@@ -60,3 +60,4 @@ struct memory_map_t {
 	unsigned long type;
 };
 
+/* vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 noet :*/
diff --git a/kernel/include/printf.h b/kernel/include/printf.h
index b37816d..b4e1c1b 100644
--- a/kernel/include/printf.h
+++ b/kernel/include/printf.h
@@ -7,3 +7,4 @@
 int snprintf(char* s, size_t n, const char* format, ...);
 int vsnprintf(char* s, size_t n, const char* format, va_list arg);
 
+/* vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 noet :*/
diff --git a/kernel/include/string.h b/kernel/include/string.h
index 3cb0db3..682b25a 100644
--- a/kernel/include/string.h
+++ b/kernel/include/string.h
@@ -13,3 +13,5 @@ char *strchr(const char *str, char c);
 char *strcpy(char *dest, const char *src);
 char *strcat(char *dest, const char *src);
 int strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);
+
+/* vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 noet :*/
diff --git a/kernel/include/sys.h b/kernel/include/sys.h
index 85cbee6..319cbef 100644
--- a/kernel/include/sys.h
+++ b/kernel/include/sys.h
@@ -7,8 +7,11 @@ void outw(uint16_t port, uint16_t value);
 uint8_t inb(uint16_t port);
 uint16_t inw(uint16_t port);
 
-
 void panic(const char* message, const char* file, int line);
 void panic_assert(const char* assertion, const char* file, int line);
 #define PANIC(s) panic(s, __FILE__, __LINE__);
 #define ASSERT(s) { if (!(s)) panic_assert(#s, __FILE__, __LINE__); }
+
+#define BOCHS_BREAKPOINT asm volatile("xchg %bx, %bx")
+
+/* vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 noet :*/
diff --git a/kernel/l0/dbglog.c b/kernel/l0/dbglog.c
index 47098a0..377e6c8 100644
--- a/kernel/l0/dbglog.c
+++ b/kernel/l0/dbglog.c
@@ -149,3 +149,5 @@ void dbg_printf(const char* fmt, ...) {
 
 	dbg_print(buffer);
 }
+
+/* vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 noet :*/
diff --git a/kernel/l0/gdt.c b/kernel/l0/gdt.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ed5210
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/l0/gdt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include <gdt.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define GDT_ENTRIES 6	// The contents of each entry is defined in gdt_init.
+
+static gdt_entry_t gdt_entries[GDT_ENTRIES];
+static gdt_ptr_t gdt_ptr;
+
+/*	For internal use only. Writes one entry of the GDT with given parameters. */
+static void gdt_setGate(int num, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access, uint8_t gran) {
+	gdt_entries[num].base_low = (base & 0xFFFF);
+	gdt_entries[num].base_middle = (base >> 16) & 0xFF;
+	gdt_entries[num].base_high = (base >> 24) & 0xFF;
+
+	gdt_entries[num].limit_low = (limit & 0xFFFF);
+	gdt_entries[num].granularity = (limit >> 16) & 0x0F;
+	gdt_entries[num].granularity |= gran & 0xF0;
+	gdt_entries[num].access = access;
+}
+
+/*	Write data to the GDT and enable it. */
+void gdt_init() {
+	gdt_ptr.limit = (sizeof(gdt_entry_t) * GDT_ENTRIES) - 1;
+	gdt_ptr.base = (uint32_t)&gdt_entries;
+
+	gdt_setGate(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);					//Null segment
+	gdt_setGate(1, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x9A, 0xCF);	//Kernel code segment	0x08
+	gdt_setGate(2, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x92, 0xCF);	//Kernel data segment	0x10
+	gdt_setGate(3, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFA, 0xCF);	//User code segment		0x18
+	gdt_setGate(4, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xF2, 0xCF);	//User data segment		0x20
+
+	asm volatile ("lgdt %0"::"m"(gdt_ptr):"memory");
+}
+
+/* vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 noet :*/
diff --git a/kernel/l0/idt.c b/kernel/l0/idt.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0e19dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/l0/idt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+#include <idt.h>
+#include <sys.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <dbglog.h>
+
+void isr0();
+void isr1();
+void isr2();
+void isr3();
+void isr4();
+void isr5();
+void isr6();
+void isr7();
+void isr8();
+void isr9();
+void isr10();
+void isr11();
+void isr12();
+void isr13();
+void isr14();
+void isr15();
+void isr16();
+void isr17();
+void isr18();
+void isr19();
+void isr20();
+void isr21();
+void isr22();
+void isr23();
+void isr24();
+void isr25();
+void isr26();
+void isr27();
+void isr28();
+void isr29();
+void isr30();
+void isr31();
+
+void irq0();
+void irq1();
+void irq2();
+void irq3();
+void irq4();
+void irq5();
+void irq6();
+void irq7();
+void irq8();
+void irq9();
+void irq10();
+void irq11();
+void irq12();
+void irq13();
+void irq14();
+void irq15();
+
+void syscall64();
+
+// ************************************************************
+// Handler code
+
+static idt_entry_t idt_entries[256];
+static idt_ptr_t idt_ptr;
+
+static isr_handler_t irq_handlers[16] = {0};
+
+/*	Called in idt_.asm when an exception fires (interrupt 0 to 31).
+	Tries to handle the exception, panics if fails. */
+void idt_isrHandler(registers_t *regs) {
+	dbg_printf("/ ISR %i\n", regs->int_no);
+	dbg_printf("| EAX: 0x%p   EBX: 0x%p   ECX: 0x%p   EDX: 0x%p\n", regs->eax, regs->ebx, regs->ecx, regs->edx);
+	dbg_printf("| EDI: 0x%p   ESI: 0x%p   ESP: 0x%p   EBP: 0x%p\n", regs->edi, regs->esi, regs->esp, regs->ebp);
+	dbg_printf("| EIP: 0x%p   CS : 0x%p   DS : 0x%p   SS : 0x%p\n", regs->eip, regs->cs, regs->ds, regs->ss);
+	dbg_printf("\\ EFl: 0x%p   I# : 0x%p   Err: 0x%p\n", regs->eflags, regs->int_no, regs->err_code);
+} 
+
+/*	Called in interrupt.asm when an IRQ fires (interrupt 32 to 47)
+	Possibly wakes up a thread that was waiting, possibly calls a handler. */
+void idt_irqHandler(registers_t *regs) {
+	if (regs->err_code > 7) {
+		outb(0xA0, 0x20);
+	}
+	outb(0x20, 0x20);
+
+	dbg_printf("IRQ %i\n", regs->err_code);
+	if (irq_handlers[regs->err_code] != 0) {
+		irq_handlers[regs->err_code](regs);
+	}
+}
+
+/* syscall handler */
+void idt_syscallHandler(registers_t *regs) {
+	dbg_printf("Syscall %i\n", regs->int_no);
+	// do nothing...
+}
+
+/*	For internal use only. Sets up an entry of the IDT with given parameters. */
+static void idt_setGate(uint8_t num, uint32_t base, uint16_t sel, uint8_t flags) {
+	idt_entries[num].base_lo = base & 0xFFFF;
+	idt_entries[num].base_hi = (base >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
+
+	idt_entries[num].sel = sel;
+	idt_entries[num].always0 = 0;
+	idt_entries[num].flags = flags | 0x60;
+}
+
+/*	Remaps the IRQs. Sets up the IDT. */
+void idt_init() {
+	memset((uint8_t*)&idt_entries, 0, sizeof(idt_entry_t) * 256);
+
+	//Remap the IRQ table
+	outb(0x20, 0x11);
+	outb(0xA0, 0x11);
+	outb(0x21, 0x20);
+	outb(0xA1, 0x28);
+	outb(0x21, 0x04);
+	outb(0xA1, 0x02);
+	outb(0x21, 0x01);
+	outb(0xA1, 0x01);
+	outb(0x21, 0x0);
+	outb(0xA1, 0x0);
+
+	idt_setGate(0, (int32_t)isr0, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(1, (int32_t)isr1, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(2, (int32_t)isr2, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(3, (int32_t)isr3, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(4, (int32_t)isr4, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(5, (int32_t)isr5, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(6, (int32_t)isr6, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(7, (int32_t)isr7, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(8, (int32_t)isr8, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(9, (int32_t)isr9, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(10, (int32_t)isr10, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(11, (int32_t)isr11, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(12, (int32_t)isr12, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(13, (int32_t)isr13, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(14, (int32_t)isr14, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(15, (int32_t)isr15, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(16, (int32_t)isr16, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(17, (int32_t)isr17, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(18, (int32_t)isr18, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(19, (int32_t)isr19, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(20, (int32_t)isr20, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(21, (int32_t)isr21, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(22, (int32_t)isr22, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(23, (int32_t)isr23, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(24, (int32_t)isr24, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(25, (int32_t)isr25, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(26, (int32_t)isr26, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(27, (int32_t)isr27, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(28, (int32_t)isr28, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(29, (int32_t)isr29, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(30, (int32_t)isr30, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(31, (int32_t)isr31, 0x08, 0x8E);
+
+	idt_setGate(32, (int32_t)irq0, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(33, (int32_t)irq1, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(34, (int32_t)irq2, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(35, (int32_t)irq3, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(36, (int32_t)irq4, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(37, (int32_t)irq5, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(38, (int32_t)irq6, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(39, (int32_t)irq7, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(40, (int32_t)irq8, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(41, (int32_t)irq9, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(42, (int32_t)irq10, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(43, (int32_t)irq11, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(44, (int32_t)irq12, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(45, (int32_t)irq13, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(46, (int32_t)irq14, 0x08, 0x8E);
+	idt_setGate(47, (int32_t)irq15, 0x08, 0x8E);
+
+	idt_setGate(64, (int32_t)syscall64, 0x08, 0x8E);
+
+	idt_ptr.limit = (sizeof(idt_entry_t) * 256) - 1;
+	idt_ptr.base = (uint32_t)&idt_entries;
+
+	asm volatile ("lidt %0"::"m"(idt_ptr):"memory");
+}
+
+/*	Sets up an IRQ handler for given IRQ. */
+void idt_handleIrq(int number, isr_handler_t func) {
+	if (number < 16 && number >= 0) {
+		irq_handlers[number] = func;
+	}
+}
+
+/* vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 noet :*/
diff --git a/kernel/l0/interrupt.s b/kernel/l0/interrupt.s
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddd1e76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/l0/interrupt.s
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+;************************************************************************************
+
+%macro COMMONSTUB 1
+[EXTERN idt_%1Handler]
+%1_common_stub:
+
+	pusha                    ; Pushes edi,esi,ebp,esp,ebx,edx,ecx,eax
+
+	mov ax, ds               ; Lower 16-bits of eax = ds.
+	push eax                 ; save the data segment descriptor
+
+	mov ax, 0x10  ; load the kernel data segment descriptor
+	mov ds, ax
+	mov es, ax
+	mov fs, ax
+	mov gs, ax
+
+	; pass the register data structure as a pointer to the function
+	; (passing it directly results in GCC trashing the data when doing optimisations)
+	mov eax, esp
+	push eax
+	call idt_%1Handler
+	add esp, 4
+
+	pop eax        ; reload the original data segment descriptor
+	mov ds, ax
+	mov es, ax
+	mov fs, ax
+	mov gs, ax
+
+	popa                     ; Pops edi,esi,ebp...
+	add esp, 8     ; Cleans up the pushed error code and pushed ISR number
+	iret
+%endmacro
+
+COMMONSTUB isr
+COMMONSTUB irq
+COMMONSTUB syscall
+
+;************************************************************************************
+
+%macro ISR_NOERRCODE 1  ; define a macro, taking one parameter
+	[GLOBAL isr%1]        ; %1 accesses the first parameter.
+	isr%1:
+		push byte 0
+		push byte %1
+		jmp isr_common_stub
+%endmacro
+
+%macro ISR_ERRCODE 1
+	[GLOBAL isr%1]
+	isr%1:
+		push byte %1
+		jmp isr_common_stub
+%endmacro
+
+%macro IRQ 2
+	[GLOBAL irq%1]
+	irq%1:
+		push byte %1	;push irq number
+		push byte %2	;push int number
+		jmp irq_common_stub
+%endmacro
+
+%macro SYSCALL 1
+	[GLOBAL syscall%1]
+	syscall%1:
+		cli
+		push byte 0
+		push byte %1
+		jmp syscall_common_stub
+%endmacro
+
+ISR_NOERRCODE 0
+ISR_NOERRCODE 1
+ISR_NOERRCODE 2
+ISR_NOERRCODE 3
+ISR_NOERRCODE 4
+ISR_NOERRCODE 5
+ISR_NOERRCODE 6
+ISR_NOERRCODE 7
+ISR_ERRCODE 8
+ISR_NOERRCODE 9
+ISR_ERRCODE 10
+ISR_ERRCODE 11
+ISR_ERRCODE 12
+ISR_ERRCODE 13
+ISR_ERRCODE 14
+ISR_NOERRCODE 15
+ISR_NOERRCODE 16
+ISR_NOERRCODE 17
+ISR_NOERRCODE 18
+ISR_NOERRCODE 19
+ISR_NOERRCODE 20
+ISR_NOERRCODE 21
+ISR_NOERRCODE 22
+ISR_NOERRCODE 23
+ISR_NOERRCODE 24
+ISR_NOERRCODE 25
+ISR_NOERRCODE 26
+ISR_NOERRCODE 27
+ISR_NOERRCODE 28
+ISR_NOERRCODE 29
+ISR_NOERRCODE 30
+ISR_NOERRCODE 31
+
+IRQ	0,	32
+IRQ	1,	33
+IRQ	2,	34
+IRQ	3,	35
+IRQ	4,	36
+IRQ	5,	37
+IRQ	6,	38
+IRQ	7,	39
+IRQ	8,	40
+IRQ	9,	41
+IRQ	10,	42
+IRQ	11,	43
+IRQ	12,	44
+IRQ	13,	45
+IRQ	14,	46
+IRQ	15,	47
+
+SYSCALL 64
+
+; vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 noet :
diff --git a/kernel/l0/kmain.c b/kernel/l0/kmain.c
index 74945e4..854a2b7 100644
--- a/kernel/l0/kmain.c
+++ b/kernel/l0/kmain.c
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 #include <config.h>
 #include <dbglog.h>
 #include <sys.h>
+
+#include <gdt.h>
+#include <idt.h>
  
 void kmain(struct multiboot_info_t *mbd, int32_t mb_magic) {
 	dbglog_setup();
@@ -9,6 +12,19 @@ void kmain(struct multiboot_info_t *mbd, int32_t mb_magic) {
 	dbg_printf("Hello, kernel World!\n");
 	dbg_printf("This is %s, version %s.\n", OS_NAME, OS_VERSION);
 
+	ASSERT(mb_magic == MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC);
+
+	gdt_init(); dbg_printf("GDT set up.\n");
+
+	idt_init(); dbg_printf("IDT set up.\n");
+
+	asm volatile("int $0x3");
+
+	size_t total_ram = ((mbd->mem_upper + mbd->mem_lower) * 1024);
+	dbg_printf("Total ram: %d Kb\n", total_ram / 1024);
+	// paging_init(totalRam);
+
 	PANIC("Reached kmain end! Falling off the edge.");
 }
 
+/* vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 noet :*/
diff --git a/kernel/l0/loader.s b/kernel/l0/loader.s
index a31fcf5..0f57549 100644
--- a/kernel/l0/loader.s
+++ b/kernel/l0/loader.s
@@ -1,69 +1,79 @@
-[EXTERN k_highhalf_addr]
-
+[EXTERN kmain]            ; kmain is defined in kmain.c
 [GLOBAL loader]           ; making entry point visible to linker
 
-[EXTERN kmain]            ; kmain is defined in kmain.c
+; higher-half kernel setup
+K_HIGHHALF_ADDR     equ 0xC0000000
+K_PAGE_NUMBER       equ (K_HIGHHALF_ADDR >> 22)
 
 ; loader stack size
-LOADER_STACK_SIZE	equ		0x8000		; 8Kb
+LOADER_STACK_SIZE   equ 0x8000		; 8Kb
 
 ; setting up the Multiboot header - see GRUB docs for details
-MODULEALIGN equ  1<<0                   ; align loaded modules on page boundaries
-MEMINFO     equ  1<<1                   ; provide memory map
-FLAGS       equ  MODULEALIGN | MEMINFO  ; this is the Multiboot 'flag' field
-MAGIC       equ    0x1BADB002           ; 'magic number' lets bootloader find the header
-CHECKSUM    equ -(MAGIC + FLAGS)        ; checksum required
- 
-section .text
+MODULEALIGN         equ 1<<0                   ; align loaded modules on page boundaries
+MEMINFO             equ 1<<1                   ; provide memory map
+FLAGS               equ MODULEALIGN | MEMINFO  ; this is the Multiboot 'flag' field
+MAGIC               equ 0x1BADB002           ; 'magic number' lets bootloader find the header
+CHECKSUM            equ -(MAGIC + FLAGS)        ; checksum required
+
+[section .setup]
 align 4
-MultiBootHeader:
-   dd MAGIC
-   dd FLAGS
-   dd CHECKSUM
- 
-section .setup
-loader:		;here, we load our false GDT, used for having the kernel in higher half
-	lgdt [trickgdt]
-	mov cx, 0x10;
-	mov ds, cx;
-	mov es, cx;
-	mov fs, cx;
-	mov gs, cx;
-	mov ss, cx;
-
-	jmp 0x08:higherhalf
-
-section .text
-higherhalf:		; now we're running in higher half
-   mov esp, stack_top                 ; set up the stack
+multiboot_header:
+	dd MAGIC
+	dd FLAGS
+	dd CHECKSUM
 
-   push eax                           ; pass Multiboot magic number
-   add ebx, k_highhalf_addr			  ; update the MB info structure so that it is in the new seg
-   push ebx                           ; pass Multiboot info structure
+loader:	
+	; setup the boot page directory used for higher-half
+	mov ecx, boot_pagedir
+	mov cr3, ecx
 
-   call  kmain                       ; call kernel proper
+	; Set PSE bit in CR4 to enable 4MB pages.
+	mov ecx, cr4
+	or ecx, 0x00000010
+	mov cr4, ecx
 
-   cli		; disable interupts
+	; Set PG bit in CR0 to enable paging.
+	mov ecx, cr0
+	or ecx, 0x80000000
+	mov cr0, ecx
 
-hang:
-   hlt                                ; halt machine should kernel return
-   jmp   hang
+	; long jump required
+	lea ecx, [higherhalf]
+	jmp ecx
 
-[section .setup]	; this is included in the .setup section, so that it thinks it is at 0x00100000
+align 0x1000
+boot_pagedir:
+	; uses 4MB pages
+	; identity-maps the first 4Mb of RAM, and also maps them with offset += k_highhalf_addr
+	dd 0x00000083
+	times (K_PAGE_NUMBER - 1) dd 0
+	dd 0x00000083
+	times (1024 - K_PAGE_NUMBER - 1) dd 0
 
-trickgdt:		; our false GDT
-   dw gdt_end - gdt - 1		; gdt limit
-   dd gdt					; gdt base
+[section .text]
+higherhalf:		; now we're running in higher half
+	; unmap first 4Mb
+	mov dword [boot_pagedir], 0
+	invlpg [0]
+
+	mov esp, stack_top          ; set up the stack
 
-gdt:
-   dd 0, 0					; null GDT entry
-   db 0xFF, 0xFF, 0, 0, 0, 10011010b, 11001111b, 0x40	; kernel code segment
-   db 0xFF, 0xFF, 0, 0, 0, 10010010b, 11001111b, 0x40	; kernel data segment
+	push eax                    ; pass Multiboot magic number
+	add ebx, K_HIGHHALF_ADDR    ; update the MB info structure so that it is in higher half
+	push ebx                    ; pass Multiboot info structure
 
-gdt_end:
+	call  kmain                 ; call kernel proper
+
+hang:
+	; halt machine should kernel return
+	cli
+	hlt
+	jmp   hang
 
 [section .bss]
 align 4
 stack_bottom:
 	resb LOADER_STACK_SIZE
 stack_top:
+
+; vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 noet :
diff --git a/kernel/launch-qemu.sh b/kernel/launch-qemu.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index bc77868..0000000
--- a/kernel/launch-qemu.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-qemu-system-i386 -kernel kernel.bin -serial stdio
diff --git a/kernel/lib/printf.c b/kernel/lib/printf.c
index fdf474d..c1ef83b 100644
--- a/kernel/lib/printf.c
+++ b/kernel/lib/printf.c
@@ -71,8 +71,7 @@ int vsnprintf(char *buff, size_t len, const char* format, va_list ap){
 					 unsigned int hexa = va_arg(ap,int);
 					 unsigned int nb;
 					 int j, had_nonzero = 0;
-					 for(j = 0; j < 8; j++)
-					 {
+					 for(j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
 						 nb = (unsigned int)(hexa << (j*4));
 						 nb = (nb >> 28) & 0xf;
 						 // Skip the leading zeros
@@ -91,6 +90,20 @@ int vsnprintf(char *buff, size_t len, const char* format, va_list ap){
 						 PUTCHAR('0');
 					 break;
 				}
+				case 'p': {
+					 unsigned int hexa = va_arg(ap,int);
+					 unsigned int nb;
+					 int j;
+					 for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+						 nb = (unsigned int)(hexa << (j*4));
+						 nb = (nb >> 28) & 0xf;
+						 if (nb < 10)
+							 PUTCHAR('0'+nb);
+						 else
+							 PUTCHAR('a'+(nb-10));
+					 }
+					 break;
+				}
 				default:
 					 PUTCHAR('%');
 					 PUTCHAR(format[i]);
diff --git a/kernel/linker.ld b/kernel/linker.ld
index 00f4dff..8ea7854 100644
--- a/kernel/linker.ld
+++ b/kernel/linker.ld
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ ENTRY (loader)
 SECTIONS{
 	k_highhalf_addr = 0xC0000000;
 
-    . = 0x00100000;
+	. = 0x00100000;
 
 	.setup : {
 		*(.setup)
@@ -11,30 +11,32 @@ SECTIONS{
 
 	. += k_highhalf_addr;
 
-    .text : AT(ADDR(.text) - k_highhalf_addr) {
-        *(.text)
-    }
+	.text : AT(ADDR(.text) - k_highhalf_addr) {
+		*(.text)
+	}
 
-    .rodata ALIGN (0x1000) : AT(ADDR(.rodata) - k_highhalf_addr) {
-        *(.rodata)
-    }
+	.rodata ALIGN (0x1000) : AT(ADDR(.rodata) - k_highhalf_addr) {
+		*(.rodata)
+	}
 
-    .data ALIGN (0x1000) : AT(ADDR(.data) - k_highhalf_addr) {
+	.data ALIGN (0x1000) : AT(ADDR(.data) - k_highhalf_addr) {
 		start_ctors = .;
 		*(.ctor*)
 		end_ctors = .;
 		start_dtors = .;
 		*(.dtor*)
 		end_dtors = .;
-        *(.data)
-    }
+		*(.data)
+	}
 
-    .bss : AT(ADDR(.bss) - k_highhalf_addr) {
-        sbss = .;
-        *(COMMON)
-        *(.bss)
-        ebss = .;
-    }
+	.bss : AT(ADDR(.bss) - k_highhalf_addr) {
+		sbss = .;
+		*(COMMON)
+		*(.bss)
+		ebss = .;
+	}
 
 	end = .; _end = .; __end = .;
 }
+
+/* vim: set ts=4 sw=4 tw=0 noet :*/
diff --git a/make_cdrom.sh b/make_cdrom.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ef9e5f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/make_cdrom.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+mkdir -p cdrom/boot/grub
+
+if [ ! -e cdrom/boot/grub/stage2_eltorito ]; then
+	echo "Please copy grub's stage2_eltorito to cdrom/boot/grub."
+	exit -1
+fi
+
+cp menu_cdrom.lst cdrom/boot/grub/menu.lst
+cp kernel/kernel.bin cdrom; strip cdrom/kernel.bin
+
+genisoimage -R -b boot/grub/stage2_eltorito -no-emul-boot \
+	-boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -input-charset ascii \
+	-A macroscope -o cdrom.iso cdrom
diff --git a/menu_cdrom.lst b/menu_cdrom.lst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..829cbdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/menu_cdrom.lst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+timeout	10
+
+title	Macroscope
+kernel	/kernel.bin
diff --git a/run_bochs.sh b/run_bochs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f692947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/run_bochs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+cd `dirname $0`
+
+make -C kernel
+./make_cdrom.sh
+bochs -f bochs.cfg -q
diff --git a/run_qemu.sh b/run_qemu.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b429471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/run_qemu.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+cd `dirname $0`
+
+make -C kernel
+qemu-system-i386 -kernel kernel/kernel.bin -serial stdio -s -S &
+(sleep 0.1; gdb kernel.bin -x gdb_cmd)