Reorganize documentation

6 files changed, 396 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/doc/book/src/cookbook/clients.md b/doc/book/src/cookbook/clients.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Configuring S3 clients to interact with Garage
+
+## AWS CLI
+
+## Minio client
+
+## `rclone`
+
+## Cyberduck
+
+## `s3cmd`
+
+
diff --git a/doc/book/src/cookbook/from_source.md b/doc/book/src/cookbook/from_source.md
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+# Compiling Garage from source
+
+
+Garage is a standard Rust project.
+First, you need `rust` and `cargo`.
+For instance on Debian:
+
+```bash
+sudo apt-get update
+sudo apt-get install -y rustc cargo
+```
+
+You can also use [Rustup](https://rustup.rs/) to setup a Rust toolchain easily.
+
+## Using source from `crates.io`
+
+Garage's source code is published on `crates.io`, Rust's official package repository.
+This means you can simply ask `cargo` to download and build this source code for you:
+
+```bash
+cargo install garage
+```
+
+That's all, `garage` should be in `$HOME/.cargo/bin`.
+
+You can add this folder to your `$PATH` or copy the binary somewhere else on your system.
+For instance:
+
+```bash
+sudo cp $HOME/.cargo/bin/garage /usr/local/bin/garage
+```
+
+
+## Using source from the Gitea repository
+
+The primary location for Garage's source code is the
+[Gitea repository](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage).
+
+Clone the repository and build Garage with the following commands:
+
+```bash
+git clone https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage.git
+cd garage
+cargo build
+```
+
+Be careful, as this will make a debug build of Garage, which will be extremely slow!
+To make a release build, invoke `cargo build --release` (this takes much longer).
+
+The binaries built this way are found in `target/{debug,release}/garage`.
+
diff --git a/doc/book/src/cookbook/index.md b/doc/book/src/cookbook/index.md
index 26ec68bb..a838b549 100644
--- a/doc/book/src/cookbook/index.md
+++ b/doc/book/src/cookbook/index.md
@@ -3,3 +3,23 @@
 A cookbook, when you cook, is a collection of recipes.
 Similarly, Garage's cookbook contains a collection of recipes that are known to works well!
 This chapter could also be referred as "Tutorials" or "Best practices".
+
+- **[Deploying Garage](real_world.md):** This page will walk you through all of the necessary
+  steps to deploy Garaage in a real-world setting.
+
+- **[Configuring S3 clients](clients.md):** This page will explain how to configure
+  popular S3 clients to interact with a Garage server.
+
+- **[Hosting a website](website.md):** This page explains how to use Garage
+  to host a static website.
+
+- **[Recovering from failures](recovering.md):** Garage's first selling point is resilience
+  to hardware failures. This section explains how to recover from such a failure in the
+  best possible way.
+
+- **[Building from source](from_source.md):** This page explains how to build Garage from
+  source in case a binary is not provided for your architecture, or if you want to
+  hack with us!
+
+- **[Starting with Systemd](from_source.md):** This page explains how to run Garage
+  as a Systemd service (instead of as a Docker container).
diff --git a/doc/book/src/cookbook/real_world.md b/doc/book/src/cookbook/real_world.md
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+# Deploying Garage on a real-world cluster
+
+To run Garage in cluster mode, we recommend having at least 3 nodes.
+This will allow you to setup Garage for three-way replication of your data,
+the safest and most available mode avaialble.
+
+We recommend first following the [quick start guide](../quick_start/index.md) in order
+to get familiar with Garage's command line and usage patterns.
+
+## Get a Docker image
+
+Our docker image is currently named `lxpz/garage_amd64` and is stored on the [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/lxpz/garage_amd64/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated).
+We encourage you to use a fixed tag (eg. `v0.3.0`) and not the `latest` tag.
+For this example, we will use the latest published version at the time of the writing which is `v0.3.0` but it's up to you
+to check [the most recent versions on the Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/lxpz/garage_amd64/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated).
+
+For example:
+
+```
+sudo docker pull lxpz/garage_amd64:v0.3.0
+```
+
+
+## Generating TLS certificates
+
+You first need to generate TLS certificates to encrypt traffic between Garage nodes
+(reffered to as RPC traffic).
+
+To generate your TLS certificates, run on your machine:
+
+```
+wget https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/branch/main/genkeys.sh
+chmod +x genkeys.sh
+./genkeys.sh
+```
+
+It will creates a folder named `pki/` containing the keys that you will used for the cluster.
+
+
+## Deploying and configuring Garage
+
+To run a real-world deployment, make sure you the following conditions are met:
+
+- You have at least three machines with sufficient storage space available
+
+- Each machine has a public IP address which is reachable by other machines.
+  Running behind a NAT is possible, but having several Garage nodes behind a single NAT
+  is slightly more involved as each will have to have a different RPC port number
+  (the local port number of a node must be the same as the port number exposed publicly
+  by the NAT).
+
+- Ideally, each machine should have a SSD available in addition to the HDD you are dedicating
+  to Garage. This will allow for faster access to metadata and has the potential
+  to drastically reduce Garage's response times.
+
+Before deploying garage on your infrastructure, you must inventory your machines.
+For our example, we will suppose the following infrastructure with IPv6 connectivity:
+
+| Location | Name    | IP Address | Disk Space |
+|----------|---------|------------|------------|
+| Paris    | Mercury | fc00:1::1  | 1 To       |
+| Paris    | Venus   | fc00:1::2  | 2 To       |
+| London   | Earth   | fc00:B::1  | 2 To       |
+| Brussels | Mars    | fc00:F::1  | 1.5 To     |
+
+
+On each machine, we will have a similar setup,
+especially you must consider the following folders/files:
+
+  - `/etc/garage/garage.toml`: Garage daemon's configuration (see below)
+  - `/etc/garage/pki/`: Folder containing Garage certificates, must be generated on your computer and copied on the servers
+  - `/var/lib/garage/meta/`: Folder containing Garage's metadata, put this folder on a SSD if possible
+  - `/var/lib/garage/data/`: Folder containing Garage's data, this folder will grows and must be on a large storage, possibly big HDDs.
+  - `/etc/systemd/system/garage.service`: Service file to start garage at boot automatically (defined below, not required if you use docker)
+
+A valid `/etc/garage/garage.toml` for our cluster would be:
+
+```toml
+metadata_dir = "/var/lib/garage/meta"
+data_dir = "/var/lib/garage/data"
+
+replication_mode = "3"
+
+rpc_bind_addr = "[::]:3901"
+
+bootstrap_peers = [
+  "[fc00:1::1]:3901",
+  "[fc00:1::2]:3901",
+  "[fc00:B::1]:3901",
+  "[fc00:F::1]:3901",
+]
+
+[rpc_tls]
+ca_cert = "/etc/garage/pki/garage-ca.crt"
+node_cert = "/etc/garage/pki/garage.crt"
+node_key = "/etc/garage/pki/garage.key"
+
+[s3_api]
+s3_region = "garage"
+api_bind_addr = "[::]:3900"
+
+[s3_web]
+bind_addr = "[::]:3902"
+root_domain = ".web.garage"
+index = "index.html"
+```
+
+Please make sure to change `bootstrap_peers` to **your** IP addresses!
+
+Check the [configuration file reference documentation](../reference_manual/configuration.md)
+to learn more about all available configuration options.
+
+
+## Starting Garage using Docker
+
+On each machine, you can run the daemon with:
+
+```bash
+docker run \
+  -d \
+  --name garaged \
+  --restart always \
+  --network host \
+  -v /etc/garage/pki:/etc/garage/pki \
+  -v /etc/garage/garage.toml:/garage/garage.toml \
+  -v /var/lib/garage/meta:/var/lib/garage/meta \
+  -v /var/lib/garage/data:/var/lib/garage/data \
+  lxpz/garage_amd64:v0.3.0
+```
+
+It should be restart automatically at each reboot.
+Please note that we use host networking as otherwise Docker containers
+can not communicate with IPv6.
+
+Upgrading between Garage versions should be supported transparently,
+but please check the relase notes before doing so!
+To upgrade, simply stop and remove this container and
+start again the command with a new version of garage.
+
+
+## Controling the daemon
+
+The `garage` binary has two purposes:
+  - it acts as a daemon when launched with `garage server ...`
+  - it acts as a control tool for the daemon when launched with any other command
+
+In this section, we will see how to use the `garage` binary as a control tool for the daemon we just started.
+You first need to get a shell having access to this binary. For instance, enter the Docker container with:
+
+```bash
+sudo docker exec -ti garaged bash
+```
+
+You will now have a shell where the Garage binary is available as `/garage/garage`
+
+*You can also install the binary on your machine to remotely control the cluster.*
+
+## Talk to the daemon and create an alias
+
+`garage` requires 4 options to talk with the daemon:
+
+```
+--ca-cert <ca-cert>            
+--client-cert <client-cert>    
+--client-key <client-key>      
+-h, --rpc-host <rpc-host>
+```
+
+The 3 first ones are certificates and keys needed by TLS, the last one is simply the address of garage's RPC endpoint.
+
+If you are invoking `garage` from a server node directly, you do not need to set `--rpc-host`
+as the default value `127.0.0.1:3901` will allow it to contact Garage correctly.
+
+To avoid typing the 3 first options each time we want to run a command,
+you can use the following alias:
+
+```bash
+alias garagectl='/garage/garage \
+  --ca-cert /etc/garage/pki/garage-ca.crt \
+  --client-cert /etc/garage/pki/garage.crt \
+  --client-key /etc/garage/pki/garage.key'
+```
+
+You can now use all of the commands presented in the [quick start guide](../quick_start/index.md),
+simply replace occurences of `garage` by `garagectl`.
+
+#### Test the alias
+
+You can test your alias by running a simple command such as:
+
+```
+garagectl status
+```
+
+You should get something like that as result:
+
+```
+Healthy nodes:
+2a638ed6c775b69a…	37f0ba978d27	[::ffff:172.20.0.101]:3901	UNCONFIGURED/REMOVED
+68143d720f20c89d…	9795a2f7abb5	[::ffff:172.20.0.103]:3901	UNCONFIGURED/REMOVED
+8781c50c410a41b3…	758338dde686	[::ffff:172.20.0.102]:3901	UNCONFIGURED/REMOVED
+```
+
+
+## Configuring a cluster
+
+We will now inform garage of the disk space available on each node of the cluster
+as well as the zone (e.g. datacenter) in which each machine is located.
+
+For our example, we will suppose we have the following infrastructure (Capacity, Identifier and Datacenter are specific values to garage described in the following):
+
+| Location | Name    | Disk Space | `Capacity` | `Identifier` | `Zone` |
+|----------|---------|------------|------------|--------------|--------------|
+| Paris    | Mercury | 1 To       | `2`        | `8781c5`     | `par1`       |
+| Paris    | Venus   | 2 To       | `4`        | `2a638e`     | `par1`       |
+| London   | Earth   | 2 To       | `4`        | `68143d`     | `lon1`       |
+| Brussels | Mars    | 1.5 To     | `3`        | `212f75`     | `bru1`       |
+
+#### Node identifiers
+
+After its first launch, garage generates a random and unique identifier for each nodes, such as:
+
+```
+8781c50c410a41b363167e9d49cc468b6b9e4449b6577b64f15a249a149bdcbc
+```
+
+Often a shorter form can be used, containing only the beginning of the identifier, like `8781c5`,
+which identifies the server "Mercury" located in "Paris" according to our previous table.
+
+The most simple way to match an identifier to a node is to run:
+
+```
+garagectl status
+```
+
+It will display the IP address associated with each node; from the IP address you will be able to recognize the node.
+
+#### Zones
+
+Zones are simply a user-chosen identifier that identify a group of server that are grouped together logically.
+It is up to the system administrator deploying garage to identify what does "grouped together" means.
+
+In most cases, a zone will correspond to a geographical location (i.e. a datacenter).
+Behind the scene, Garage will use zone definition to try to store the same data on different zones,
+in order to provide high availability despite failure of a zone.
+
+#### Capacity
+
+Garage reasons on an arbitrary metric about disk storage that is named the *capacity* of a node.
+The capacity configured in Garage must be proportional to the disk space dedicated to the node.
+Additionaly, the capacity values used in Garage should be as small as possible, with
+1 ideally representing the size of your smallest server.
+
+Here we chose that 1 unit of capacity = 0.5 To, so that we can express servers of size
+1 To and 2 To, as wel as the intermediate size 1.5 To.
+
+Note that the amount of data stored by Garage on each server may not be strictly proportional to
+its capacity value, as Garage will priorize having 3 copies of data in different zones,
+even if this means that capacities will not be strictly respected. For example in our above examples,
+nodes Earth and Mars will always store a copy of everything each, and the third copy will
+have 66% chance of being stored by Venus and 33% chance of being stored by Mercury.
+
+#### Injecting the topology
+
+Given the information above, we will configure our cluster as follow:
+
+```
+garagectl node configure -z par1 -c 2 -t mercury 8781c5
+garagectl node configure -z par1 -c 4 -t venus 2a638e
+garagectl node configure -z lon1 -c 4 -t earth 68143d
+garagectl node configure -z bru1 -c 3 -t mars 212f75
+```
diff --git a/doc/book/src/cookbook/systemd.md b/doc/book/src/cookbook/systemd.md
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+# Starting Garage with systemd instead of Docker
+
+NOTE: This guide is incomplete. Typicall you would also want to create a separate
+Unix user to run Garage.
+
+Make sure you have the Garage binary installed on your system (see [quick start](../quick_start/index.md)), e.g. at `/usr/local/bin/garage`.
+
+Create a file named `/etc/systemd/system/garage.service`:
+
+```toml
+[Unit]
+Description=Garage Data Store
+After=network-online.target
+Wants=network-online.target
+
+[Service]
+Environment='RUST_LOG=garage=info' 'RUST_BACKTRACE=1'
+ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/garage server -c /etc/garage/garage.toml
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
+```
+
+To start the service then automatically enable it at boot:
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl start garage
+sudo systemctl enable garage
+```
+
+To see if the service is running and to browse its logs:
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl status garage
+sudo journalctl -u garage
+```
+
+If you want to modify the service file, do not forget to run `systemctl daemon-reload`
+to inform `systemd` of your modifications.
diff --git a/doc/book/src/cookbook/website.md b/doc/book/src/cookbook/website.md
index b3dd1b51..53488ac4 100644
--- a/doc/book/src/cookbook/website.md
+++ b/doc/book/src/cookbook/website.md
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-# Host a website
+# Hosting a website
 
 TODO